In the field, corresponding samples were collected from geomorphological units in different areas of the Taklimakan Desert. Samples are pre-processed in the laboratory and professional instruments are used to select and statistics to obtain the final data. This dataset is suitable for the study and investigation of desert soil properties and environmental conditions.

"In the field, a powder sample of about 100 g was collected on the surface of different desert geomorphological units (alluvial fans, river deposits, floodplains, reed wetlands, grassland, Populus euphratica forest, shrub sand dunes, mobile sand dunes and artificial grass grids) at a certain spatial distance (about 30-50 km), and the latitude and longitude and the geomorphological location of the sample were recorded. 1. sample preparation Weigh about 100g of a sample, break the sample with a machine grinding period, and then elutriate it with a weight solution of 2.72. The washed and air-dried samples were magnetically separated with a strong magnet to remove magnetic minerals.
2. sample identification Using a binocular microscope, a high-frequency dielectric mineral sorter, and a belt type electromagnetic mineral sorter, mineral identification and content estimation of surface samples were carried out in accordance with DZ/T0130.9-2006 "Code for Quality Management of Geological and Mineral Laboratory Testing". "

All samples in this dataset are surface samples from the Taklimakan Desert. The mineral analysis of the samples uses a binocular microscope, a high-frequency dielectric mineral sorter, and a belt type mineral electromagnetic sorter to identify and estimate the content according to DZ/T0130.9-2006 "Quality Management Standards for Testing in Geology and Mineral Laboratories". The above experiments were analyzed and completed at the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China Academy of Sciences.