In recent years, the issue of climate change and its impacts on the environment has become particularly urgent and has emerged as a major topic of international discussion. This is evidenced by the adoption of high-level international documents such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), approved by representatives of 154 countries at the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit in 1992, and the Kyoto Protocol, signed in 1997 and entering into force in 2005 after ratification by 192 countries, as well as by the series of United Nations Climate Change Conferences held between 1995 and 2022. The latter formally established decisions for the practical and binding implementation of the Framework Convention. According to expert estimates, the global average temperature has risen by nearly 1°C over the past century, and there is little doubt that the trend of global warming is continuing. Some experts even predict that global temperatures may increase by an additional 2-3°C over the next fifty years. Climate change has a significant impact throughout Central Asia, most notably on water resources, while also posing potential threats to biodiversity, ecosystems, and the economies of the countries of the region. Central Asia contains a wide variety of natural ecosystems, ranging from extensive lowlands to high mountain regions, and is considered one of the most vulnerable regions in the world, with a population of approximately 70 million people. Mountain ecosystems are particularly vulnerable. One of the most important tasks in mitigating and minimizing the negative impacts of climate change on ecosystems and the environment as a whole is the development of adaptation measures across all spheres of human activity. Therefore, the study of climate change and its effects on Central Asian ecosystems represents an urgent scientific research priority. This collection of papers, published under the general title The Impact of Climate Change on the Ecosystems of Central Asia, contains materials from two international scientific conferences: The Impact of Climate Change on the Ecosystems of Central Asia (Dushanbe, 20 November 2020) and Silk Road Development, Climate Change Adaptation, Ecology, and Environmental Protection (Dushanbe, 20 October 2021). The scientific articles included in this volume address pressing issues related to the effects of climate change on ecosystems in certain regions of Central Asia and adjacent areas. The collection may serve as a useful reference for researchers and specialists in ecology, environmental protection, biology, hydrology, glaciology, geography, and geoecology, as well as for graduate and doctoral students in these fields.