<p>The Yarkant Oasis refers to the rivers that nourish and maintain the existence of the Yarkant Oasis, including the Yarkant River, Tizinafu River, Keleqing River, Tashkurgan River, Kekiya River, Uruk River, Qipan River and other 37 major rivers. The length of their main streams is 1,273.80 km (Yarkant River), 326.59 km (Tizinafu River), 239.01 km (Kreqeng River), 191.38 km (Tashkurgan River), 185.38 km (Kekiya River), 144.69 km (Uruk River), and 98.70 km (Qipan River). The mountainous part of the Yarkant River Basin is the catchment area of the upper reaches of the rivers that maintain the Yarkant River oasis. The catchment area is a transnational river basin, with about 96.40% of the basin area in China (located in Kashgar Administrative Region and Tumushuk of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region); about 3.57% is located in Pakistan. The geographical location of the Yarkant River Basin is 35°27'33"N-38°19'16" N, 74°26'53"E-78°23'60" E. The basin area is 56,230.00 km² (Albers projection), and the basin boundary length is 1,759.07 km (Lambert projection). Some elevation classification data in the mountainous areas of the Yarkant River Basin includes a total of 16 types: areas with elevations below 1500 m are classified as one category, areas with elevations above 8000 m are classified as one category, and areas between 1500-8000 m are divided at intervals of 500 m. The dataset is developed based on Google earth images, ASTER GDEM 30m data, and combined with measured data. The data set includes: (1) Yarkant River oasis water system data;(2) partial boundary data of mountainous areas in the Yarkant River Basin; and (3) partial elevation classification data of mountainous areas in the Yarkant River Basin. The dataset is stored in.kmz,.shp, and.tif data formats and consists of 33 data files with a data volume of 225 MB (compressed into 3 files, 27.6 MB). </p>