The development of Russian geographical knowledge is a long process that has lasted for several centuries, and its characteristics are determined by the overall historical conditions formed in each period of Russian history. One of the most important stages in the history of Russian geography is from 1725 (that is, the reform period known in the era of Peter the great) to the end of the 18th century. These reforms laid a direct foundation for the further development of Russian geographical science. Just recall that in the above period, in addition to many smaller investigations, there were also some large-scale investigations that made significant contributions to the history of world geography, namely, the second Kamchatka expedition (1733-1743), the so-called Academy of Sciences expedition (1768-1774), and the investigation of Yi billingus-g. a. salechev (1785-1793). Through these investigations, the understanding of northern European part of Russia and its Arctic waters and Siberia has been greatly enhanced, and Aleutian Islands, Alaska and northwestern America have been discovered and developed. Also in these years, the Academy of Sciences, established in Petersburg in 1725, has carried out a wide range of activities, and it has become the most important center of scientific research organizations guiding many geographic, economic, ethnographic and cartographic work. The outstanding period from 1725 to 1800 is also because a series of outstanding Russian scientists' academic activities (all or most) belong to this period, and their works enrich the history of geography and related disciplines. Mi wa romonosov's academic activities belong to these decades. In the first half of the 18th century, there were Bi Yi rachkov, the author of the oroenburg topographical records, and the researchers of Kamchatka, such as Si Bi krashennikov and Ge Fu Starr, and the researcher of Siberia, Ge Fu Miller; In the second half of this century, there were leaders and participants in the investigation of the Academy of Sciences: academician Peter spalas, I. I. repishin, I. a. gildenstet, nya ozerezkowski, Va. Fei zuyev and others. At the same time, geographical documents and a large number of monographs published regularly also began to appear. The published works of some scholars not only include the comprehensive description of the vast areas of our motherland (regional geographical types) and the description of individual settlements and water systems, but also include the scientific summary of the natural characteristics of Russia, as well as some theoretical issues and historical geography research. In the current overview, which is only the first part of our research on the history of Russian geography in the last 75 years of the 18th century, it is impossible for us to set the task as carrying out any complete analysis of Russian geographical knowledge in this period. We only strive to make a brief description of the most important aspects and characteristics of Russia's geographical development from 1725 to 1800, and then (in a little detail) elaborate Russia's investigations and discoveries in the Arctic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean and its islands and adjacent areas. The historical environment of Russia in the study period can be divided into two stages - from 1725 to the mid-1960s, and from the mid-1960s to the end of the 18th century, because the development of geographical knowledge in each stage has its own characteristics. We pay less attention to the first stage than to the second stage, because the geographical investigation in these years has been described in the special and important works of Soviet scholars.