俄罗斯地理知识的发展是一个持续了数个世纪的漫长过程，其特点由俄罗斯历史各个时期所形成的总体历史条件所决定。\n俄罗斯地理学史上最重要的阶段之一是从1725年（即彼得大帝时代众所周知的改革时期）开始，直至18世纪末。这些改革为俄罗斯地理科学的进一步发展奠定了直接基础。\n只需回想一下，在上述时期，除了许多规模较小的考察外，还进行了一些对世界地理学史做出重大贡献的大型考察，即第二次堪察加考察（1733-1743年）、所谓的科学院考察（1768-1774年），以及伊·比林格斯—格·阿·萨雷切夫考察（1785-1793年）。通过这些考察工作，大大增进了对俄罗斯欧洲部分北部及其北极水域、西伯利亚的了解，并发现并开始开发阿留申群岛、阿拉斯加和美洲西北部。\n同样在这些年间，1725年在彼得堡成立的科学院展开了广泛的活动，它成为指导众多地理、经济、民族志和制图工作的科研组织的最重要中心。\n1725-1800年之所以突出，还因为一系列杰出的俄罗斯科学家的学术活动（全部或大部分）属于这个时期，他们的著作丰富了地理学及其相关学科的历史。米·瓦·罗蒙诺索夫的学术活动完全属于这几个十年。18世纪上半叶，有《奥伦堡地形志》的作者彼·伊·雷奇科夫，堪察加的研究者斯·彼·克拉舍宁尼科夫和格·弗·斯塔勒，西伯利亚的研究者格·弗·米勒；而在这个世纪的下半叶，则有科学院考察的领导和参与者：院士彼·斯·帕拉斯、伊·伊·列佩欣、伊·阿·吉利登施泰特、尼·雅·奥泽雷茨科夫斯基、瓦·费·祖耶夫等人。\n与此同时，定期出版的地理类文献以及大量专著也开始问世。一些学者已发表的著作不仅包括对我们祖国广大地区的综合描述（区域地理类型）以及对个别居民点、水系等的描述，还包括解释俄罗斯自然特点的科学总结，以及一些理论问题和历史地理研究。\n在目前的这部《概述》中——它仅是我们关于18世纪最后75年俄罗斯地理学史研究的第一部分——我们不可能将任务设定为对这个时期的俄罗斯地理知识进行任何完整的分析。我们只力求对1725年至1800年间俄罗斯地理发展的最重要方面和特点作一最概括的简要描述，然后（稍详细地）阐述俄罗斯在北冰洋、太平洋及其岛屿和邻近地区的考察与发现。\n所研究时期的俄罗斯历史环境允许划分为两个阶段——从1725年到60年代中期，以及从60年代中期到18世纪末，因为每个阶段地理知识的发展都有其特点。我们对第一个阶段的关注少于第二个阶段，因为这些年的地理考察已在苏联学者的专门重要著作中有所阐述。
", "ds_source": "作者（编委会）：А.М. 列别杰夫 (А.М. Лебедев)\n出版社：Издательство академии наук СССР\n出版地：莫斯科\n出版年：1957年\n页数：272页 \n语种：俄文\n分类号：УДК 551.24(479) \n馆藏条形码：XJLAS RU 70001877
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", "ds_acq_start_time": "2025-09-30 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2025-09-30 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "苏联", "ds_acq_lon_east": null, "ds_acq_lat_south": null, "ds_acq_lon_west": null, "ds_acq_lat_north": null, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "login-access", "ds_total_size": 132025540, "ds_files_count": 1, "ds_format": "PDF格式", "ds_space_res": "无", "ds_time_res": "无", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "无", "ds_thumbnail": "7c6b6de8-7ef7-4ea6-872f-7fb67f9c5d16.png", "ds_thumb_from": 0, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "a5877b42-96ea-4f13-af7e-246f355413d6", "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "170.45" ], "quality_level": 1, "publish_time": "2026-09-03 18:28:02", "first_publish_time": null, "last_updated": "2026-09-03 18:28:02", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": "33110.11.ariddc.01968", "license": null, "extra": null, "files_shape": [ { "name": "202509280002(XJLASRU70001877).pdf", "size": 132025540, "is_dir": false } ], "features": null, "data_level": 0, "i18n": { "en": { "title": "An Outline of the History of Geography in Russia in the 18th Century", "ds_abstract": "The development of Russian geographical knowledge is a long process that has lasted for several centuries, and its characteristics are determined by the overall historical conditions formed in each period of Russian history.\r\nOne of the most important stages in the history of Russian geography is from 1725 (that is, the reform period known in the era of Peter the great) to the end of the 18th century. These reforms laid a direct foundation for the further development of Russian geographical science.\r\nJust recall that in the above period, in addition to many smaller investigations, there were also some large-scale investigations that made significant contributions to the history of world geography, namely, the second Kamchatka expedition (1733-1743), the so-called Academy of Sciences expedition (1768-1774), and the investigation of Yi billingus-g. a. salechev (1785-1793). Through these investigations, the understanding of northern European part of Russia and its Arctic waters and Siberia has been greatly enhanced, and Aleutian Islands, Alaska and northwestern America have been discovered and developed.\r\nAlso in these years, the Academy of Sciences, established in Petersburg in 1725, has carried out a wide range of activities, and it has become the most important center of scientific research organizations guiding many geographic, economic, ethnographic and cartographic work.\r\nThe outstanding period from 1725 to 1800 is also because a series of outstanding Russian scientists' academic activities (all or most) belong to this period, and their works enrich the history of geography and related disciplines. Mi wa romonosov's academic activities belong to these decades. In the first half of the 18th century, there were Bi Yi rachkov, the author of the oroenburg topographical records, and the researchers of Kamchatka, such as Si Bi krashennikov and Ge Fu Starr, and the researcher of Siberia, Ge Fu Miller; In the second half of this century, there were leaders and participants in the investigation of the Academy of Sciences: academician Peter spalas, I. I. repishin, I. a. gildenstet, nya ozerezkowski, Va. Fei zuyev and others.\r\nAt the same time, geographical documents and a large number of monographs published regularly also began to appear. The published works of some scholars not only include the comprehensive description of the vast areas of our motherland (regional geographical types) and the description of individual settlements and water systems, but also include the scientific summary of the natural characteristics of Russia, as well as some theoretical issues and historical geography research.\r\nIn the current overview, which is only the first part of our research on the history of Russian geography in the last 75 years of the 18th century, it is impossible for us to set the task as carrying out any complete analysis of Russian geographical knowledge in this period. We only strive to make a brief description of the most important aspects and characteristics of Russia's geographical development from 1725 to 1800, and then (in a little detail) elaborate Russia's investigations and discoveries in the Arctic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean and its islands and adjacent areas.\r\nThe historical environment of Russia in the study period can be divided into two stages - from 1725 to the mid-1960s, and from the mid-1960s to the end of the 18th century, because the development of geographical knowledge in each stage has its own characteristics. We pay less attention to the first stage than to the second stage, because the geographical investigation in these years has been described in the special and important works of Soviet scholars.", "ds_source": "Author (Editorial Board): А.М. LebedevМ.Лебедев)\r\nPublished by: 丨 зд а т ельс тво а к а д еми наук С С С С СР\r\nPublished: Moscow\r\nPublication year: 1957\r\nPages: 272 pages \r\nLanguage: Russian\r\nClassification No.: У п б 551.24(479) \r\nCollection barcode: XJLAS RU 70001877", "ds_process_way": "This book is the collection of the Documentation and Information Center of the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Center). The center has stored the book electronically and has been recognized by OCR. The data processing process is in accordance with the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", and fully complies with the data information of the \"Outline of History of Geography in Russia in the Eighteenth Century\" without modification or deletion.", "ds_quality": "The collected \"Outline of Geography and History of Russia in the Eighteenth Century\" was electronically processed. In accordance with the requirements of the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for the Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", the \"Outline of Geography and History of Russia in the Eighteenth Century\" was unchanged and deleted. The data information of the Outline of Geography and History of Russia is of reliable quality.", "ds_acq_place": "Soviet Union", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_ref_way": "", "ds_format": "PDF format", "ds_projection": "no", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_time_res": "" } }, "license_type": null, "doi_reg_from": "reg_local", "cstr_reg_from": "reg_local", "doi_not_reg_reason": null, "cstr_not_reg_reason": null, "is_paper_in_submitting": false, "ds_topic_tags": [ "地理考察", "俄罗斯地理学史" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "地理学" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "苏联" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 1957 ], "ds_contributors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_meta_authors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_managers": [ "文献信息中心" ], "category": "图书" }