This is the ninth volume of the encyclopedia Medicinal Plants of Turkmenistan. It represents a continuation of the detailed study and analysis of the rich heritage left by our ancestors, encompassing the numerous works of outstanding scientists and physicians who lived and worked on Turkmen soil in ancient times, as well as the experience of the Turkmen people in understanding the diversity of their generous homeland through their unique talents and skills. In this book, I have sought to uncover the medicinal properties of endemic plant species growing in our country that have not yet been sufficiently studied and therefore have not yet been incorporated into modern healthcare systems, although they are widely used in folk medicine. At the same time, I have attempted to define more clearly the applications of a number of medicinal plants in dental practice. Using a scientific approach, I examined the customs, traditions, and various methods of preparing medicinal plants in folk medicine, methods that our ancestors refined over centuries and elevated to the status of Turkmen national heritage. Taking into account the latest developments in the field of pharmacognosy, I have, in the previous volumes, conveyed extensive knowledge about plant-derived medicines to the public on the basis of scientific and educational materials accumulated from antiquity to the present day. In the chapters of this volume, reliable information is provided on 109 medicinal plant species that have attained a scientifically validated level of medical application and constitute a valuable source of plant-based therapeutic resources. In addition, a brief overview is given of 296 medicinal plant species already described in the preceding nine volumes of the encyclopedia and used in dental practice. It is well known that many plants have been used since ancient times in the treatment of diseases of the teeth and oral tissues. References to such practices can be found in the literature of different eras and among various peoples of the world. Historical evidence indicates that medicinal plants were used to treat gum diseases in Egypt more than four thousand years ago and in China more than two thousand five hundred years ago. In his world-famous Canon of Medicine, which for centuries served as a reference work for physicians in both East and West, the outstanding medieval Eastern scholar and eminent authority in world medicine, Abu Ali Ibn Sina (Avicenna), author of more than forty works, recommended using the juice extracted from unripe fruits for the treatment of gum diseases. Among the materials concerning the application of plants in dentistry, the classical works of renowned physicians and scholars who lived on Turkmen soil, including Abu Rayhan al-Biruni, Sayyid Ismail Gurganli (Jorjani), Muhammad Gaymaz Turkmen, Muhammad Husayn, and Jalal al-Din Haydar, contain information of great value regarding local plant species. Studying the lives, professional activities, and scientific legacy of the great figures who laid the foundations of our national medical tradition is a sacred duty of our generation. The scientific and practical heritage of our traditional medicine is eternal; its light continues to illuminate the present across the centuries. Modern scientific achievements not only make it possible to broaden the therapeutic applications of known medicinal plants but also enable the gradual introduction of new species into medical practice. Scientific medicine has demonstrated the therapeutic value of hundreds of plant species, yet most of them remain insufficiently studied. Establishing phytotherapy on a firm scientific foundation and giving it a sound rational basis are among the important tasks that stand before us. Today, thanks to the availability of a relatively broad range of medicinal plant materials and preparations possessing diverse therapeutic properties, physicians have the opportunity to use them extensively in multimodal treatment approaches for various diseases. Plant-derived preparations continue to occupy a significant and special place among the means used to protect human health. In recent years, their importance has continued to grow. The purpose of this book is to expand the knowledge of healthcare professionals, collectors and custodians of medicinal plant raw materials, regarding the structure, habitat, distribution, chemical composition, growth conditions, practical applications, collection periods and methods, storage regulations, and ecological significance of medicinal plants. The book is also intended for all readers interested in the rich plant world of our country and its ancient traditions. I am confident that this book will become a reliable assistant and a kind adviser. It will show you how to make use of the generous healing power of Turkmen nature for the benefit of humanity and help you maintain your health, youthfulness, and beauty for many years.