Through this encyclopedia, Medicinal Plants of Turkmenistan, I wish to express my boundless love for my homeland and my beloved people, as well as my profound admiration for the unique experience accumulated by our ancestors, who lived in harmony with the plant world and with nature. I dedicate this fifth volume to my dear Turkmen people. The book provides detailed information on medicinal plants that promote health and heal both body and spirit, plants that represent some of the most precious jewels among the medicinal treasures of the Turkmen land. In ancient times, whenever our ancestors fell ill, they first turned to medicinal plants, which were regarded as natural remedies. They made use of the active substances that nature provided through trees and herbaceous plants. They observed that domestic animals recovered after eating certain plants. Hunters noticed that gazelles consumed resinous substances (mumiyo, known to aid the healing of fractures) and carnations (powerful hemostatic agents). Today, the medicinal properties and potential of many medicinal plants have been confirmed by scientific medicine. Despite the rapid development of the chemical industry and the production of numerous pharmaceuticals through chemical methods, interest in medicinal plants remains undiminished. Studying the lives, professional achievements, and scientific legacies of those great individuals who have passed away but left behind the foundations of Turkmen medicine is a sacred duty of our generation. In the field of medicine, our national heritage stretches back through many centuries, and its brilliance has not faded. Among the sources on the history of medicinal-plant research, the classical works of Abu Ali Ibn Sina, Abu Rayhan al-Biruni, Sayyid Ismail Jorjani, Muhammad Gaymaz Turkmen, and Muhammad Husayn, distinguished physicians and scholars who lived on Turkmen soil, contain extremely valuable information on medicinal plants growing in present-day Turkmenistan, and they remain a source of great pride for us. I have devoted special attention to the folk-medical heritage of Jalal al-Din Haydar, a Turkmen scholar and physician who lived in medieval Egypt. In my view, introducing his legacy into modern medicine through this book would meet contemporary needs. Most of the medicinal plants mentioned in his writings are similar to those that grow in Turkmenistan today. In contemporary medicine, medicinal plants have not lost their significance; they continue to attract the attention of scientists. The current level of scientific development has not merely broadened the boundaries of previously used medicinal resources but has also added a number of new species to them. In our country, all conditions now exist for a comprehensive and accurate study of the medicinal plants used in Turkmen folk medicine. Therefore, in the first through fourth volumes of this work, I examined, on the basis of scientific research, the traditions and methods associated with medicinal plants, traditions that our ancestors refined over centuries and elevated to the status of a national treasure of the Turkmen people. Taking into account both the achievements of modern medicine and international experience, I provided scientific information about medicinal plants, whose roots stretch back to ancient times, together with descriptions of their therapeutic properties. In the fifth volume, the materials are derived from our national heritage and include detailed information on 150 unique and rare medicinal plant species that grow within our country. This volume consists of three chapters covering the characteristics of medicinal plants, the scientific basis for their introduction into health resorts and sanatoria in Turkmenistan, and practical guidelines. The chapter concerning the scientific justification for their use in sanatoria has been prepared for people receiving treatment under the special conditions of these institutions. In our country, sanatoria constitute an important component of the healthcare system and contribute to the restoration of citizens' health. These institutions are highly valued by the public because of their therapeutic and rehabilitative significance. Within local treatment practices, the use of medicinal plants in sanatoria has a particularly beneficial effect on people's health. If one compares the Turkmen land with other regions rich in medicinal plants, the flora of Turkmenistan remains distinctive and unmistakable. Despite its unique climatic conditions, the plant kingdom of Turkmenistan is extraordinarily rich and diverse. More than 3,550 species of higher plants grow here. Mountainous regions, especially the Kopet Dag Range, are particularly rich in medicinal plants. More than 1,600 species of wild medicinal plants are found there, approximately 330 of which are endemic and grow only in Turkmenistan. This book summarizes the biological, ecological, and chemical characteristics of medicinal plants growing in Turkmenistan, as well as their applications in both traditional and folk medicine. It is intended not only for physicians and medical specialists but also for pharmacologists and general readers. As you open its pages, you will feel the energy and joy emanating from the magnificent world of herbs, flowers, plants, pure natural springs, and sunlight. I am confident that this book will become a trusted and friendly advisor, helping you make use of the generous healing power of the Turkmen land for the benefit of humanity and enabling you to preserve your health, youth, and beauty for many years.