The sixteenth volume of the encyclopedia Medicinal Plants of Turkmenistan continues the study of the richest heritage bequeathed to us by our ancestors. This heritage consists of the numerous works of outstanding ancient scholars and physicians, together with the accumulated folk experience through which our people, by virtue of their unique talents and skills, came to understand the diversity of their generous homeland. In this volume, I attempt to reveal the medicinal properties of native plant species that have long been widely used in traditional medicine. Using a scientific approach, I have examined the customs, traditions, and various methods of preparing medicinal plants in folk medicine. These methods, refined over centuries by our ancestors, have become a treasured part of the Turkmen nation's cultural wealth. Taking into account the achievements of modern world medicine related to medicinal plants, and drawing upon scientific knowledge accumulated from antiquity to the present day, I have sought throughout the preceding volumes of this work to acquaint readers with plant-based remedies of Turkmenistan and their therapeutic properties. In my view, the study of the ethnobotanical and ethnomedical aspects of the medicinal plants of Turkmenistan is an urgent and important task of our time. I dedicate this work, inspired by boundless love for my homeland and people and by profound respect for the unique experience of harmonious coexistence between our ancestors and nature, to all readers interested in the rich plant world of our country and its ancient traditions of folk medicine. The land of Turkmenistan is rich in medicinal plants. More than 2,000 species are used in folk medicine, and over 500 of them are endemic members of the flora of Turkmenistan. Given the ancient folk-medical traditions associated with these endemic medicinal plants, I believe they are fully deserving of inclusion on the UNESCO World Natural and Cultural Heritage List. The publication of the multi-volume work Plant Resources of Turkmenistan is one of the most urgent tasks of our time. It summarizes the results of fundamental scientific research on the country's rich natural plant resources. This publication will provide broad opportunities for the comprehensive and reliable study of the nation's biological and economic resources, their introduction into production, and their sustained application in various sectors of the national economy. I believe that safeguarding the plant gene pool of our homeland and compiling both a Cadastre of Medicinal Plants of Turkmenistan and a National Pharmacopoeia of Turkmenistan are pressing and important tasks. The chapters of this volume contain reliable information on 106 medicinal plant species whose use has already reached the level of scientific medical practice and which constitute a valuable treasury of plant-derived remedies. The flora of Turkmenistan is distinguished by its remarkable richness and has served for thousands of years as an inexhaustible source of treatments for a wide variety of diseases. Studying the lives, scholarly works, and scientific legacy of the great figures who laid the foundations of our traditional medicine is a sacred duty of our generation. The heritage of our folk medicine is eternal and continues to illuminate the present across the centuries. The achievements of modern science not only make it possible to broaden the range of applications of already known medicinal plants, but also to introduce new species into healthcare practice on a continuing basis. Scientific medicine has confirmed the therapeutic value of hundreds of plant species, yet most of them remain insufficiently studied to this day. Our task is to place phytotherapy on a solid scientific foundation and ensure its rational development. Human beings obtain everything necessary for life from nature. The natural environment of Turkmenistan is exceptionally rich and contains a great abundance of medicinal plants. Compared with many other regions, our land is home to numerous useful plants unmatched elsewhere. Modern medical practice would be inconceivable without plant-derived medicines and pharmaceutical products made from botanical raw materials. Our country possesses all the necessary conditions for the comprehensive and reliable study of medicinal plants used in Turkmen folk medicine. From our wise ancestors we inherited many methods of effectively using healing herbs to combat disease. Modern medical science has not only confirmed their great value but has also investigated ways to apply them more effectively. As both a scientist and a physician, I urge people to approach the use of medicinal plants from a scientific perspective, including those growing on our own land that deserve thorough scientific investigation. The purpose of this book is not limited to expanding the knowledge of healthcare workers, collectors and custodians of medicinal plant materials regarding the structure, habitats, distribution, chemical composition, growth conditions, practical applications, harvesting periods, collection methods, storage requirements, and ecological significance of medicinal plants. It is also intended for the broad readership interested in the rich plant world of our country and its ancient traditions. I am confident that this book will become your reliable assistant and wise adviser, showing how the generous healing powers of Turkmen nature can be used for the benefit of humanity and helping you preserve your health, youth, and vitality for many years. May the life-giving springs of Turkmen nature, which contribute to human well-being, never run dry!