The first edition of this book was published in 1947. Over the past ten years, the author has been able to visit Central Asia that he had not visited before. This allows the physical geographical description of this book to be largely updated and refined. In recent years, a large number of new publications have emerged on soil, vegetation, climate, rivers, and glaciers in Central Asia. The author used these new materials in preparing the second edition of the book and took into account the comments and suggestions of the reviewers whenever possible. At the Institute of Geography of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, a large-scale monograph on the natural geography of Central Asia was written by several researchers and is being published with the author as the editor. Participation in the compilation of this collective monograph made it possible to use its materials to prepare for publication of this book. Therefore, the second edition is significantly different from the first edition, adding chapters such as "Geographical Names System","Landscape Formation Stages", and "Role of Mountain Glaciers"; the materials of all original chapters have been updated and supplemented, covering the descriptions of various regions in Central Asia have been expanded and the illustrations have also been updated. In this edition, the Central Asian region covers only four Central Asian republics: Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan.