This monograph focuses on a highly controversial core issue in the field of geomorphology-the role of exogenous factors in the formation of mountainous terrain. The study took the eastern Central Caucasus (mountainous Ossetia) with a unique geological structure as a typical area, and carried out systematic and comprehensive geomorphological investigations. The book analyzes in detail the latest structural characteristics such as the inherited development of vertical and horizontal deep and large faults in the region, and combs its topographical development history and divides it into three different evolutionary stages. On this basis, the research team scientifically assessed the amount of denudation and cutting in the area by reconstructing a complete geological section of the uplift axis zone, and conducted an in-depth discussion of the historical traces of ancient glaciation and its contribution to terrain shaping. In addition, this book also combines paleogeographic reconstruction and average denudation rate to quantitatively assess the recent crustal uplift movement, and accurately measure the magnitude and average rate of uplift in the past 20,000 years. These detailed research results provide an important scientific basis for deeply understanding the interaction and evolution mechanism of internal and external forces of mountain landforms.