This book is a historical-geographical study of the development of Russian geography during the age of Peter the Great. It provides a systematic examination of Russia’s achievements in geographical discoveries, exploratory expeditions, cartography, and the expansion of state geographical knowledge in the early eighteenth century. The volume is organized around exploration activities in Siberia, Kamchatka, the Kuril Islands, the northwestern coast of North America, Central Asia, the Caspian region, the Caucasus, and the Russian Far East. It offers detailed accounts of the journeys and discoveries of numerous explorers, including Messerschmidt, Bekovich-Cherkassky, and Bukhgolts, and analyzes the significance of issues related to the Amur River, the Amu Darya, and other geographical questions within the context of contemporary exploration. The book also contains a specialized discussion of cartographic activities during the reign of Peter the Great, including the compilation of Kirilov’s atlas, the publication of Russian maps both domestically and abroad, and the earliest surveys of the Caspian Sea and the Aral Sea. In addition, the author examines how geographical information connected with economic activities was reflected in official documents of the period, as well as topics such as administrative divisions and population censuses, the training of geographical specialists, and the dissemination of geographical knowledge. Rich in detail and documentation, the book provides an important reference for the study of the history of Russian geography and the expansion of state geographical understanding in the early eighteenth century.