The basis for improving agricultural productivity and sustainability lies in the continuous restoration of soil fertility. Solving this problem not only depends on the correct use of agrochemicals that improve soil fertility, but also depends on agronomic and physical factors that promote a reasonable structure of the cultivated layer and good soil hydrology, heat and ventilation conditions. In the front plain area of the Tianshan Mountains, in addition to irrigated agriculture, extensive (non-irrigated) agriculture, characterized by peak atmospheric precipitation from winter to spring and adapted to long-term summer droughts, is also widely developed. The extensive agricultural area is the main grain, feed and other crop supply base for Tardikurgan, Almaty, Jamber and Chimkete prefectures. However, the yield of extensive agriculture in these areas depends almost entirely on the amount of atmospheric precipitation and the water supply at the time of sowing. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the physical properties and hydrological conditions of extensive agricultural soils. This book systematically summarizes field and laboratory research data on the hydrophysical properties and hydrological conditions of sandy soil in the pre-Tianshan desert grassland area. For this area, this paper discusses the soil ecological conditions of sandy agriculture, delineates different grassland types according to precipitation abundance, and describes the hydrophysical characteristics of sandy soil in detail. Special attention was paid to the entry of water into the soil, the use of water resources by crops and pastures, and methods of regulating hydrological balance. The experimental data provided scientific basis for improving agronomic physical characteristics and hydrological status of sandy soil in Tianpiedmont desert steppe area.