Recently, in modern domestic and foreign literature, more and more attention has been paid to the study of the interrelationships of various components of landscape (climate, natural water bodies, soil, vegetation), aiming to regulate natural processes and develop them in a direction beneficial to mankind. Based on an understanding of the development laws of basic landscapes or biogeographic communities (ecosystems in the terminology of foreign researchers) and their interrelationships, principles for the most reasonable use of natural resources, soil improvement measures, and development strategies adapted to local conditions can be formulated. This monograph attempts to analyze and synthesize diverse natural processes (geology, landform, climate, groundwater and surface water formation, plant and soil interactions) and assess their impact on human practices. Soviet soil improvement and new land development plans required a profound and correct understanding of the nature of soil-geochemical processes. In Un.И. In Bazilevich's book, a deep understanding of landscape causes and geochemistry, a detailed disclosure of soil processes, and an analysis of the impact of vegetation on soil material exchanges are successfully combined with the basic principles of practical recommendations for developing soda-salinized soils.