This paper collects the research results completed by staff of the Department of Biology, Geography, Geology and Soil Science at Moscow State University between 1972 and 1973 in accordance with the comprehensive interdisciplinary topic "Natural Resources of Western Siberia and Their National Economic Utilization." Within the framework of this topic, as in previous years, the main focus is on the study of the geological structure, topography, soil cover, the particularity of permafrost and engineering geological conditions of the overlying strata of the West Siberian Platform. These factors are the most important factors that must be considered when conducting natural comprehensive research and national economic development. The collection begins with an article discussing the exploration prospects and palaeogeographic prerequisites of large oil fields in West Siberia. A subsequent set of articles devoted to describing the engineering geological characteristics of Quaternary and Oligocene sediments in different areas of the area. Next, the particularity of the Ob River floodplain soil and meadow is described as the basis for increasing agricultural output in newly developed areas. Subsequent articles elaborated on the basic laws of the development of permafrost and frozen soil processes. The collection ends with an article discussing the engineering geological conditions in southwestern Western Siberia. The wide range of issues covered in the collection makes it valuable for various professionals related to research and development in Western Siberia.