<p>This monograph can be divided into four parts: The first part is flora analysis, focusing on the survey of plant species in central and northern Kazakhstan, such as the plant composition of arid areas in the Ural River Basin, the distribution of newly discovered birch forests and the habitat characteristics of rare species such as Allium sergii, revealing the regional plant diversity and ecological adaptability. The second part involves research on plant morphology and physiology, exploring the drought-tolerance mechanism of introduced plants, cell ultrastructure (such as the nuclear characteristics of Sphaerotheca fuliginea) and interactions between microorganisms and plants, such as changes in enzyme activity and cell membrane structural response under drought stress. The third part is ecological and geographical distribution research, analyzing the vegetation composition of different altitude zones (such as alpine meadows, desert grasslands), recording newly distributed species (such as Ustilago turcomanica) and discussing their geographical significance, while paying attention to the dynamic changes of plant communities in the reserve. The fourth part covers fungi and algae research, reporting the composition of phytoplankton (such as cyanobacteria and diatoms) and the distribution characteristics of pathogenic fungi in Kazakhstan waters, such as the infection rule of Blumeria graminis on gramineae, providing basic data for plant protection. </p>