%0 Dataset
%T Geographical basis for water resources security in Kazakhstan's natural economic system
%J Arid Land Ecology and Resources Science Data Center
%I Arid Land Ecology and Resources Science Data Center(data.dcxjegi.cn)
%U https://data.dcxjegi.cn/portal/metadata/307dbc58-3227-4597-989d-f87ae1d8801d
%W NCDC
%R 10.12389/ariddc.02403
%A Documentation Information Center
%K ;
%X According to the conclusions of the United Nations, ensuring freshwater resources is one of the key challenges facing humanity in the twenty-first century. Estimates of the Earth's potentially renewable freshwater resources range from 35,000 to 50,000 cubic kilometers per year, of which only one-third (12,500 cubic kilometers per year) can be utilized to satisfy human needs. At the same time, due to water pollution, the share of potentially available freshwater resources tends to decline over time, while global demand for water continues to grow in the opposite direction. It has been established that during the twentieth century global water consumption increased sevenfold, reaching 4,000 cubic kilometers annually, with this growth rate exceeding population growth by more than two times.According to forecasts, the world's population will reach 8.3 billion by 2025 and exceed 10 to 12 billion by 2050. Given current trends, it can be assumed that within the next fifty years problems related to water scarcity or water pollution will arise, to varying degrees, in every country of the world. The worsening global water crisis will have its greatest impact on food security and ecological safety in many regions and countries. The United Nations Agenda 21 (Rio de Janeiro, 1992) convincingly demonstrated that water is a key factor in sustainable development, that is, development that does not undermine the social, economic, and environmental conditions necessary for its continuation and is capable of reproducing its own foundations without depletion [1, 2].At the United Nations World Summit on Sustainable Development held ten years later in Johannesburg (2002), Kazakhstan's President Nursultan Nazarbayev pointed out that despite significant scientific and technological progress, humanity had still failed to overcome the problems that had accompanied it throughout history: poverty, hunger, disease, and destructive wars. He also reminded participants that more than one billion p