我国农业的工业化、获得高产和稳定谷物产量的需要，要求不断扩大和完善土壤改良方法。\n本文集提供了关于陆地生物生产力区域与全球人口增长相关的概括性资料。在Д.И.沙什科的文章中，强调了在热量充足、具有巨大潜在生物资源的地区集中灌溉农业生产的必要性。\n在不同地带和不同地貌条件下进行的区域性改良研究，有助于正确评估和预测某一地区改良状况的变化。这反过来又有助于为该地区制定一套相应的改良措施。\n本文集发表了关于以下若干地区的改良研究成果：外高加索（总体及分加盟共和国）、饥饿草原、罗斯托夫州、库伦达草原。\n外高加索复杂的自然条件决定了在这里必须采用一整套改良措施。В.Г.沃洛格布耶夫在整体考察该地区时，详细描述了其自然条件（山势、气候、水文地质、土壤覆盖）的特征，这些条件决定了阿塞拜疆、格鲁吉亚和亚美尼亚的改良特点，并列出了必要的改良类型清单，包括减轻气候有害影响的措施、防治侵蚀、沼泽化和各种类型土壤盐渍化的措施。该地区各部分改良研究的结果反映在А.Л.卡尔佩利、С.М.姆克尔强、А.В.莫采列利亚和Р.И.帕皮索夫的文章中。\nА.Л.卡尔佩利的文章提供了与阿拉拉特平原最凹陷部分排水、灌溉和盐渍土根本改良方案相关的综合研究概括性材料。众所周知，阿拉拉特平原是土地稀少的亚美尼亚共和国的主要农业区之一，同时由于地下水位浅且普遍存在苏打型盐渍化，是一个极为复杂的改良对象。亚美尼亚土壤学与农业化学研究所的多年研究表明，这些土壤的开发只有在排水基础上结合化学改良（酸化）才有可能。С.М.姆克尔强的文章专门讨论了阿拉拉特平原开发土地上垂直排水的工作，总结了作者关于在不同改良条件下垂直排水井最优工况的研究。\n科尔希达低地20万公顷土地的排水与开发对格鲁吉亚具有重要意义，其土地资源极为有限（人均耕地不足0.2公顷）。然而，科尔希达的排水工程早在1925年就已开始，结果证明这是一个极为困难的改良对象。在过去的50年中，其总面积中排水量不足一半。由于不利的气候、土壤和水文地质条件，科尔希达现有的排水网无法排除地表水，而将排水间距减小到30-40米在生态上是不合理的。因此，科尔希达试验站开始开发新的农业改良方法，以确保改良和在此种植一系列珍贵亚热带作物的可能性。А.В.莫采列利亚和Р.И.帕皮索夫的文章介绍了这些研究的结果以及所开发的改良方法的成功应用。\nА.В.叶戈罗夫的文章专门讨论了中亚山前拗陷带冲积平原的改良特点，其中考察了山前平原无排水农业开发的历史以及灌溉对此类地区土壤的多方面影响，例如饥饿草原。\n罗斯托夫州土地灌溉所遇到的困难反映在Р.Н.斯米尔诺夫和Г.И.安德烈耶夫及其合著者的文章中。这些困难不仅是由土壤性质和灌溉与排水设施的缺陷造成的，而且还由灌溉水的质量引起，后者对土壤盐分状况有非常严重的影响。南外伏尔加地区若干水库的类似问题在А.П.比留科娃和Л.Н.努斯鲍默的著作中进行了讨论。上述著作中提出的问题应引起土壤学家、水文学家、水文地质学家和其他专家的关注。\nИ.С.佐恩的著作提供了关于美国西部灌溉发展、水资源及其合理利用方法的有价值资料。减少灌溉网中水分损失、减少植物蒸腾耗水以及利用矿化地下水进行灌溉的方法，对苏联专家具有很大兴趣。\n文集还讨论了与灌溉和盐渍化及碱土改良问题相关的一系列更具体的问题。文集资料可供科研人员和从事土壤改良领域的实践专家使用。\n
", "ds_source": "作者（编委会）：Д.И.沙什科, И.С.佐恩, В.Р.沃洛布耶夫, А.Л.卡尔佩利, С.М.姆克尔强, А.В.莫采列利亚, Р.И.帕皮索夫, В.В.叶戈罗夫, Р.Н.斯米尔诺夫, Л.А.维利尚斯卡娅, А.Н.纳加别江, И.Л.格列本丘克, Г.И.安德烈耶夫, Г.А.科兹列奇科夫, Л.М.罗季奥诺娃, А.П.比留科娃, Л.Н.努斯鲍默, В.М.列戈斯塔耶夫, В.Г.卢涅夫, В.Ю.马尔古利斯, Р.П.利奇科, В.В.布伊洛夫, Л.Н.库列绍夫, Р.Р.奥列伊尼科夫, М.П.沃洛基京, А.И.乌斯科夫, А.В.皮亚特金, П.И.沙夫雷金, В.Н.索科洛夫\n（Д. И. Шашко, И. С. Зонн, В. Р. Волобуев, А. Л. Карпель, С. М. Мкртчян, А. В. Моцерели, Р. И. Паписов, В. В. Егоров, Р. Н. Смирнов, Л. А. Вильшанская, А. Н. Нагабедян, И. Л. Гребенчук, Г. И. Андреев, Г. А. Козлечков, Л. М. Родионова, А. П. Бирюкова, Л. Н. Нусбаумер, В. М. Легостаев, В. Г. Лунев, В. Ю. Маргулис, Р. П. Личко, В. В. Буйлов, Л. Н. Кулешов, Р. Р. Олейников, М. П. Волокитин, А. И. Усков, А. В. Пятыгин, П. И. Шаврыгин, В. Н. Соколов）\n出版社：Издательство «Наука»\n出版地：莫斯科\n出版年：1977年\n页数：181页 \n语种：俄文\n馆藏条形码：XJLAS RU 70020036\n
", "ds_process_way": "本书为中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所文献信息中心（以下简称中心）馆藏文献，中心将本书电子化后存储，已经过OCR识别，数据加工过程依据国家标准《GB/T 31219.2-2014图书馆馆藏资源数字化加工规范》，完全遵照《灌溉与土壤改良》的数据信息，未改动删减。\n
", "ds_quality": "对收集到的《灌溉与土壤改良》进行电子化加工处理，按照国家标准《GB/T 31219.2-2014图书馆馆藏资源数字化加工规范》要求，未改动删减《灌溉与土壤改良》的数据信息，数据质量可靠。\n
", "ds_acq_start_time": "2025-07-17 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2025-07-17 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "苏联", "ds_acq_lon_east": null, "ds_acq_lat_south": null, "ds_acq_lon_west": null, "ds_acq_lat_north": null, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "apply-access", "ds_total_size": 20276077, "ds_files_count": 1, "ds_format": "PDF格式", "ds_space_res": "无", "ds_time_res": "无", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "无", "ds_thumbnail": "fb864945-2f2a-4de9-b86c-38a9e5bf48b4.jpg", "ds_thumb_from": 0, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "a5877b42-96ea-4f13-af7e-246f355413d6", "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "210.50" ], "quality_level": 1, "publish_time": "2026-09-18 10:30:00", "first_publish_time": null, "last_updated": "2026-09-18 10:30:00", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": "33110.11.ariddc.01880", "license": null, "extra": null, "files_shape": [ { "name": "20250717001(XJLASRU70020036).pdf", "size": 20276077, "is_dir": false } ], "features": null, "data_level": 0, "i18n": { "en": { "title": "", "ds_abstract": "This book is a textbook that systematically discusses the basic theories and applications of pedology. It covers the basics of geology and geomorphology, the origin and evolution, composition and properties, classification and geographical distribution of soil, and the genetic characteristics of typical soil types in various natural zones. and agricultural utilization. The book consists of three major parts: the first part introduces the crustal structure, weathering process and landform classification; the second part systematically expounds the soil-forming factors, soil organic matter, mechanical composition, physical and chemical properties, soil colloid and absorption capacity, soil solution and fertility concept; The third part describes the occurrence process, distribution rules and agricultural evaluation of various types of soils according to natural zones (tundra, taiga, forest grassland, semi-desert, desert, subtropical and mountainous areas, etc.), and discusses swamps soil, saline soil, floodplain soil, soil erosion and prevention, as well as soil mapping and land evaluation methods. Each chapter is accompanied by laboratory assignments, practical exercises, and review and thinking questions. This book is aimed at students and agricultural workers majoring in soil science and related majors in agricultural colleges and universities.\r\n
", "ds_source": "Author (Editorial Board): А.Т. Kurikov (А.Т.Цуриков）\r\nPublished by: Агр опр омиздат\r\nPublished: Moscow\r\nPublication year: 1986\r\nPages: 286 pages \r\nLanguage: Russian\r\nCollection barcode: XJLAS RU 70019499\r\nClassification No.: У п б 631.4 (075.3)\r\n
", "ds_process_way": "This book is the collection of the Documentation and Information Center of the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Center). The center has stored the book electronically and has been recognized by OCR. The data processing process is in accordance with the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", and fully complies with the data information of \"Irrigation and Soil Improvement\" without modification or deletion.\r\n
", "ds_quality": "The collected \"Irrigation and Soil Improvement\" were processed electronically. In accordance with the requirements of the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Code for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", the data information of \"Irrigation and Soil Improvement\" was not changed and deleted. The data quality is reliable.\r\n
", "ds_acq_place": "Soviet Union", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_ref_way": "", "ds_format": "PDF format", "ds_projection": "no", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_time_res": "" } }, "license_type": null, "doi_reg_from": "reg_local", "cstr_reg_from": "reg_local", "doi_not_reg_reason": null, "cstr_not_reg_reason": null, "is_paper_in_submitting": false, "ds_topic_tags": [ "土壤", "盐渍化", "碱土改良", "灌溉" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "土壤学" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "苏联" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 1977 ], "ds_contributors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_meta_authors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_managers": [ "文献信息中心" ], "category": "图书" }