本卷《哈萨克苏维埃社会主义共和国科学院土壤研究所论文集》第四卷刊载了1951—1952年在北里海地区进行的部分土壤研究成果。研究在伏尔加—乌拉尔河间地带、北纬50°以南及东经48°30′以东地区进行，具体包括乌拉尔—库舒姆分水岭、大乌曾河与小乌曾河、卡梅什—萨马尔湖、乌拉尔河古三角洲与现代三角洲、伏尔加—乌拉尔沙地南部及伏尔加河三角洲最东部。调查面积约500万公顷，并编制了相应比例尺的土壤图。\n此项工作是为北里海地区的灌溉和供水服务，依据政府机构的决定和设计单位列宁格勒水利规划设计院的任务而开展的。研究材料曾移交列宁格勒水利规划设计院用于设计目的。这些材料包括：土壤图和土壤改良区划图、土壤和土壤区域特征、土壤水物理性质数据、土壤改良分类和农业生产力特征、适宜灌溉的土地面积数据及其利用方式和灌溉方法的基本建议。\n由于作者们忙于其他更紧急的工作，所发表成果的处理、最终整理和出版准备被推迟。本卷《论文集》刊载了部分材料，其中阐述了北里海地区土壤水物理性质和有机物质组成的主要研究成果、沙地成土条件以及适宜灌溉土地的土壤改良特征。\nЛ. И.帕奇金娜的文章介绍了对乌拉尔河沿岸地带和乌拉尔河三角洲土壤的水物理、化学及其他性质进行野外半定位和实验室研究的结果。研究涵盖了最主要的、分布最广的淡栗钙土、棕钙土、草甸草原土和草甸土，以及它们与碱土、碱化土和盐渍化土壤的组合与复合体。对如此广阔地域内不同土壤进行此类研究尚属有限，而对本地区而言则是首次。\n作者收集的大量而详尽的实际资料，清晰地展示了所研究土壤和岩土的水物理及农业改良性质，具有重要的科学和生产价值。该工作对于深入研究土壤成因及其农业改良性质非常有益和必要。\nИ. И.叶梅利亚诺夫关于北里海地区土壤有机物质的文章包含了关于根系和地上植物生物量统计、各种土壤中有机物质的组分和馏分组成的实际资料。文章试图探讨这些数据之间的相互联系和相互依存关系。然而，作者在一个季节内收集的实际资料不足，且缺乏相关的微生物学和生物化学研究（这些研究未列入作者的研究计划），使他未能充分阐明所研究土壤中腐殖质形成过程的复杂问题。尽管如此，这些实际资料仍具有重要价值，填补了西哈萨克斯坦荒漠草原土壤有机物质认识上的重大空白。\nА. М.佩捷利娜的文章致力于研究北里海地区沙地成土的特点。作者根据野外观察和土壤化学分析数据，试图建立土壤发育与里海退却后陆地表面发展史之间的直接联系。作者的基本观点是，北里海低地平原的草原化及其土壤发育，并非与气候向干燥方向的急剧变化有关，而是与里海的退缩、侵蚀基准面和地下水位降低、水蚀和风蚀有关，这些因素引起当地气候的一定变化。\nУ. У.乌斯潘诺夫、А. А.索科洛夫和Н. М.弗拉基米罗夫等作者的集体论文，对不同程度上适宜灌溉的土地的土壤改良分类群进行了特征描述。土地分类是在对土壤和水文地质研究材料进行分析和总结的基础上完成的。关于土地土壤改良分类的材料（附有各区土壤图及标注主要土壤改良指标的面积统计轮廓表）已移交列宁格勒水利规划设计院、古里耶夫州水利局和哈萨克苏维埃社会主义共和国科学院经济研究所，并被用于实践目的。此处刊印时作了一些修正，未附附录。\n
", "ds_source": "作者（编委会）：Л. И.帕奇金娜, А. М.佩捷利娜, И. И.叶梅利亚诺夫, У. У.乌斯潘诺夫, А. А.索科洛夫, Н. М.弗拉基米罗夫\n（Л. И. Пачкина, А. М. Петелина, И. И. Емельянов, У. У. Успанов, А. А. Соколов, Н. М. Владимиров）\n出版社：Издательство «Наука»\n出版地：莫斯科\n出版年：1956年\n页数：241页 \n语种：俄文\n馆藏条形码：XJLAS RU 70019530\n
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", "ds_acq_start_time": "2025-07-04 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2025-07-04 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "苏联", "ds_acq_lon_east": null, "ds_acq_lat_south": null, "ds_acq_lon_west": null, "ds_acq_lat_north": null, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "apply-access", "ds_total_size": 130526708, "ds_files_count": 1, "ds_format": "PDF格式", "ds_space_res": "无", "ds_time_res": "无", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "", "ds_thumbnail": "f6893cd7-3b2a-434f-8f1b-abf60395bd50.jpg", "ds_thumb_from": 0, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "a5877b42-96ea-4f13-af7e-246f355413d6", "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "210.50" ], "quality_level": 1, "publish_time": "2026-09-17 13:44:14", "first_publish_time": null, "last_updated": "2026-10-08 16:32:50", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": "33110.11.ariddc.02046", "license": null, "extra": null, "files_shape": [ { "name": "20250704003(XJLASRU70019530).pdf", "size": 130526708, "is_dir": false } ], "features": null, "data_level": 0, "i18n": { "en": { "title": "Proceedings of the Institute of Soil Research Volume 4", "ds_abstract": "Volume IV of the Proceedings of the Institute of Soil Science of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic contains part of the results of soil investigations conducted in the Northern Caspian region during 1951-1952. The studies were carried out in the Volga-Ural interfluve, south of 50° north latitude and east of 48°30′ east longitude, including the Ural-Kushum watershed, the Bolshoy Uzen and Maly Uzen rivers, the Kamysh-Samar lake system, the ancient and modern deltas of the Ural River, the southern part of the Volga-Ural sands, and the easternmost section of the Volga Delta. Approximately 5 million hectares were surveyed, and soil maps at the corresponding scales were compiled.\r\n\r\nThis work was undertaken to support irrigation and water supply development in the Northern Caspian region, in accordance with decisions of government agencies and assignments from the Leningrad Institute for Water Engineering Planning and Design. The research materials were transferred to that institute for design purposes. These materials included soil maps and soil reclamation zoning maps, descriptions of soils and soil regions, data on soil water-physical properties, classifications of soil reclamation and agricultural productivity characteristics, data on areas suitable for irrigation, as well as basic recommendations concerning land use patterns and irrigation methods.\r\n\r\nBecause the authors were occupied with other more urgent work, the processing, final editing, and preparation of the published results for printing were delayed. This volume of the Proceedings presents only part of the collected materials, including the principal findings on the water-physical properties and organic matter composition of Northern Caspian soils, the conditions of soil formation in sandy areas, and the reclamation characteristics of lands suitable for irrigation.\r\n\r\nThe article by L. I. Pachkina presents the results of field semi-stationary and laboratory studies of the hydrophysical, chemical, and other properties of soils in the Ural River floodplain and the Ural Delta. The research covered the most important and widespread soils, including light chestnut calcareous soils, brown calcareous soils, meadow-steppe soils, and meadow soils, as well as their associations and complexes with solonetz, solonetzic, and saline soils. Studies of this kind involving different soils across such an extensive territory have been relatively rare and were conducted in this region for the first time.\r\n\r\nThe extensive and detailed factual material collected by the author clearly demonstrates the hydrophysical and agricultural-reclamation properties of the soils and parent materials studied and is of considerable scientific and practical value. This work is both useful and necessary for a deeper understanding of soil genesis and soil reclamation characteristics.\r\n\r\nThe article by I. I. Yemelyanov on the organic matter of Northern Caspian soils contains factual data on root biomass and aboveground plant biomass, as well as on the component and fraction composition of organic matter in various soils. The article attempts to explore the interrelationships and interdependencies among these data. However, the amount of factual material collected during a single season, together with the absence of related microbiological and biochemical investigations (which were not included in the author's research program), prevented him from fully explaining the complex processes of humus formation in the soils studied. Nevertheless, these data remain highly valuable and fill a major gap in knowledge concerning organic matter in the desert-steppe soils of Western Kazakhstan.\r\n\r\nThe article by A. M. Petzhelina is devoted to the study of the characteristics of soil formation in the sandy areas of the Northern Caspian region. Based on field observations and soil chemical analyses, the author attempts to establish a direct relationship between soil development and the history of land-surface evolution following the retreat of the Caspian Sea. The author's principal view is that the steppification of the Northern Caspian lowland plain and the development of its soils were not associated with a sharp climatic shift toward greater aridity. Rather, they were related to the regression of the Caspian Sea, the lowering of the erosion base level and groundwater table, and the effects of water and wind erosion, which together caused certain local climatic changes.\r\n\r\nThe collective paper by U. U. Uspanov, A. A. Sokolov, and N. M. Vladimirov characterizes soil reclamation categories of lands that are suitable for irrigation to varying degrees. The land classification was developed on the basis of analysis and synthesis of soil and hydrogeological research materials. Materials on the soil reclamation classification of lands, accompanied by soil maps of individual districts and statistical contour tables indicating the areas and principal reclamation indicators, were transferred to the Leningrad Institute for Water Engineering Planning and Design, the Guryev Regional Water Administration, and the Institute of Economics of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR, where they were used for practical purposes. Some revisions were made when these materials were printed here, and the appendices have not been included.", "ds_source": "Author (Editorial Board): 丨.И. Pakkina, А.М. Petelina, I.И. Yemelyanov, У.У. Uspanov, А.А. Sokolov, Un.М. Vlakimirov\r\n（Л.И.Пачкина, А.М.Петелина, И.И.Емельянов, У.У.Успанов, А.А.Соколов, Н.М.Владимиров）\r\nPublished by: 丨 зда тельство « 丨 аука»\r\nPublished: Moscow\r\nPublication year: 1956\r\nPages: 241 pages \r\nLanguage: Russian\r\nCollection barcode: XJLAS RU 70019530\r\n
", "ds_process_way": "This book is the collection of the Documentation and Information Center of the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Center). The center stores the book electronically without OCR recognition. The data processing process is in accordance with the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", and fully complies with the data information of the \"Volume 4 Collection of Papers of the Institute of Soil Research\" without modification or deletion.\r\n
", "ds_quality": "The collected \"Volume 4 of Papers of the Institute of Soil Research\" was electronically processed. In accordance with the requirements of the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", the \"Volume 4 of Papers of the Institute of Soil Research\" was not changed and deleted. The data information of Volume 4 of Papers of the Institute of Soil Research \"was reliable.\r\n
", "ds_acq_place": "Soviet Union", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_ref_way": "", "ds_format": "PDF format", "ds_projection": "", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_time_res": "" } }, "license_type": null, "doi_reg_from": "reg_local", "cstr_reg_from": "reg_local", "doi_not_reg_reason": null, "cstr_not_reg_reason": null, "is_paper_in_submitting": false, "ds_topic_tags": [ "农业", "气候", "水文", "论文集", "土壤" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "土壤学" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "苏联" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 1956 ], "ds_contributors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_meta_authors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_managers": [ "文献信息中心" ], "category": "图书" }