了解径流侵蚀-堆积作用的特点，对于正确解决与水电和桥梁建设、内河航道改善、农业土地改良以及许多其他实际问题相关的任务是十分必要的。与此同时，地理环境发展的总体理论也必须考虑水流的活动，因为它不断地改变着景观。\n作为水文学分支之一的侵蚀-堆积及河道过程学说，也在其他一些技术学科（水利工程、水力学、工程地质学）和自然历史学科（自然地理学、地貌学）中得到探讨。奠定该学说基础的既有工程师（弗·姆·洛赫京、恩·斯·列利亚夫斯基），也有自然科学领域的专家（瓦·瓦·道库恰耶夫、阿·彼·巴甫洛夫、伊·德·切尔斯基、谢·尼·尼基京）。这两个方向（工程方向和自然历史方向）后来都得到了极大的深化和分化，目前已经积累了海量的实际材料，这使得揭示一系列具体规律成为可能，而要将这些规律整合成一个统一的体系，只有基于将水流视为地理环境组成部分的观点才能实现。\n水流是在特定条件下形成的，这些条件的组合决定了水量的多少及其动态、平均纵比降、冲积物的粒径和矿物组成，简而言之，决定了水流造床作用的强度和特点的所有基本要素。由此可见，不能将侵蚀-堆积及河道过程视为一系列孤立于地理环境之外、不考虑流域景观具体特征而发展的现象链条。必须紧密联系、相互制约地看待水流及其流域。\n这些观点决定了本研究的结构。首先，将河流视为地理环境的要素和陆地水文网的组成部分；然后，确定侵蚀-堆积及河道过程的基本特点；最后，描述一些最具典型性的河道过程表现形式。在所探讨问题的某些部分（例如，山区河流的河道过程、河道过程的带状性等），由于材料不足，只能限于提出问题，因此本著作并不追求对整个问题进行全面系统的阐述。
", "ds_source": "作者（编委会）：М.И.马卡韦耶夫(М.И.Маккавеев)\n出版社：Издательство Академии наук СССР\n出版地：莫斯科\n出版年：1955\n页数：346页\n语种：俄文\n馆藏条形码：XJLAS RU 70026160
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", "ds_acq_start_time": "2025-09-30 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2025-09-30 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "苏联", "ds_acq_lon_east": null, "ds_acq_lat_south": null, "ds_acq_lon_west": null, "ds_acq_lat_north": null, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "login-access", "ds_total_size": 204002985, "ds_files_count": 1, "ds_format": "PDF格式", "ds_space_res": "无", "ds_time_res": "无", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "无", "ds_thumbnail": "d43ab7e9-4649-434d-9495-5c18fb08eead.png", "ds_thumb_from": 0, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "a5877b42-96ea-4f13-af7e-246f355413d6", "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "170.4510" ], "quality_level": 1, "publish_time": "2026-09-16 19:17:32", "first_publish_time": null, "last_updated": "2026-09-16 19:18:04", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": "33110.11.ariddc.02385", "license": null, "extra": null, "files_shape": [ { "name": "202508240001（XJLASRU70026160）双层.pdf", "size": 204002985, "is_dir": false } ], "features": null, "data_level": 0, "i18n": { "en": { "title": "River bed and basin erosion", "ds_abstract": "An understanding of the characteristics of fluvial erosion and deposition is essential for the proper solution of problems related to hydropower and bridge construction, the improvement of inland waterways, agricultural land reclamation, and many other practical tasks. At the same time, any general theory of the development of the geographical environment must take into account the activity of flowing water, since it continuously transforms the landscape.\r\n\r\nThe theory of erosion-deposition and channel processes, as a branch of hydrology, is also studied within several technical disciplines, including hydraulic engineering, hydraulics, and engineering geology, as well as within natural-science disciplines such as physical geography and geomorphology. The foundations of this field were established both by engineers (F. M. Lokhtin and N. S. Lelyavsky) and by specialists in the natural sciences (V. V. Dokuchaev, A. P. Pavlov, I. D. Chersky, and S. N. Nikitin). These two directions, the engineering and the natural-historical approaches, subsequently underwent substantial development and specialization. Today, an enormous body of empirical material has been accumulated, making it possible to identify a series of specific regularities. However, integrating these regularities into a unified system is possible only when flowing water is regarded as an integral component of the geographical environment.\r\n\r\nFlowing water develops under specific conditions, and the combination of these conditions determines the volume and dynamics of discharge, the average longitudinal gradient, the grain size and mineral composition of alluvial sediments, and, in short, all the principal factors governing the intensity and characteristics of channel-forming activity. It follows that erosion-deposition and channel processes cannot be viewed as an isolated chain of phenomena developing independently of the geographical environment and without regard to the specific features of the drainage-basin landscape. Flowing water and its drainage basin must be considered together as closely interconnected and mutually dependent entities.\r\n\r\nThese principles determine the structure of the present study. First, rivers are examined as elements of the geographical environment and as components of the continental hydrological network. Second, the fundamental characteristics of erosion-deposition and channel processes are established. Finally, several of the most typical manifestations of channel processes are described. In certain sections of the subject under consideration, such as channel processes in mountain rivers and the zonality of channel processes, the available data are insufficient and therefore only permit the formulation of problems rather than their complete resolution. Consequently, this work does not seek to provide an exhaustive and systematic treatment of the entire field.", "ds_source": "Author (Editorial Board): Mr.И. MakaveyevИ.Маккавеев)\r\nPublished by: 丨 зд а т ельс тво А к а д еми наук С С С С С СР\r\nPublished: Moscow\r\nPublished year: 1955\r\nPages: 346 pages\r\nLanguage: Russian\r\nCollection barcode: XJLAS RU 70026160", "ds_process_way": "This book is the collection of the Documentation and Information Center of the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Center). The center has stored the book electronically and has been recognized by OCR. The data processing process is in accordance with the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", and fully complies with the data information of \"River Bed and Its Watershed Erosion\" without modification or deletion.", "ds_quality": "The collected \"River Bed and Its Watershed Erosion\" was electronically processed. In accordance with the requirements of the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Code for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", the data of \"River Bed and Its Watershed Erosion\" was not changed and deleted. Information, the data quality is reliable.", "ds_acq_place": "Soviet Union", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_ref_way": "", "ds_format": "PDF format", "ds_projection": "no", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_time_res": "" } }, "license_type": null, "doi_reg_from": "reg_local", "cstr_reg_from": "reg_local", "doi_not_reg_reason": null, "cstr_not_reg_reason": null, "is_paper_in_submitting": false, "ds_topic_tags": [ "河道演变", "侵蚀-堆积过程" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "自然地理学" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "苏联" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 1955 ], "ds_contributors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_meta_authors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_managers": [ "文献信息中心" ], "category": "图书" }