中华人民共和国是世界上最伟大的国家之一。它从帕米尔高原的云霄之巅延伸至浩瀚无际的太平洋，从阿穆尔河沿岸严酷的泰加林延伸至热带海洋的珊瑚岛屿。按面积（990万平方公里）计算，中国仅次于苏联，略小于加拿大，但超过世界上所有其他国家。\n中国的自然丰富而慷慨。其自然资源种类繁多，为农业和工业的发展、为数百万人民的繁荣创造了极好的条件。\n然而，许多世纪以来，国家的自然资源仅为伟大而勤劳的中国人民服务了极其有限的程度。这些资源实质上未被研究，且被掠夺式地利用。直到人民共和国成立之前，中国一直是一个落后的农业国，是帝国主义列强的巨大工业品销售市场、原料来源和剥削中国劳动者的利润来源。19世纪下半叶确立的外国资本统治，以及封建官僚制度的压迫，长期阻碍了中国的发展。按工业生产计算，该国位居世界最后几位。例如，1937年，中国人口占全球近四分之一，但其煤炭开采量仅占世界的0.6%，铁矿石占0.5%，生铁产量占0.35%，铜矿开采量占0.22%。1933年，中国的钢产量比殖民地印度少27倍。中国的工业不能满足国家最重要产品的起码需求。过去，按照外国公司的利益，只有那些与原料开采或初级加工直接相关的工业部门才得到发展。同时，几乎全部工业都集中在狭窄的沿海地带，外国人从这里更容易运走掠夺来的原料。广袤的内陆地区仍未被勘探，那里没有工业。帝国主义列强控制着国民经济最重要的部门，力图尽可能长久地保留在经济和社会生活各个领域占统治地位的封建残余。\n人民民主革命的胜利为中国的生产力发展开辟了广阔天地。中国人民首次获得了为自己的利益进行经济建设的可能性：最合理地发展和配置各生产部门，有计划地利用自然和人力资源。解放后的几年里，中华人民共和国取得了巨大成就。迅速恢复战争期间被破坏的经济后，中国人民于1953年开始实施第一个五年经济建设计划。中国历史翻开了新的一页——工业化以及向社会主义快速迈进的时代。\n在第一个五年计划期间，国民经济各个领域都取得了伟大成就。
", "ds_source": "作者（编委会）：Ю.А.别列津娜（Ю.А. Березина）\n出版社：Издательство восточной литературы\n出版地：莫斯科\n出版年：1958年\n页数：86页 \n语种：俄文\n馆藏条形码：XJLAS RU 70002032
", "ds_process_way": "本书为中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所文献信息中心（以下简称中心）馆藏文献，中心将本书电子化后存储，已经过OCR识别，数据加工过程依据国家标准《GB/T 31219.2-2014图书馆馆藏资源数字化加工规范》，完全遵照《中国的自然资源》的数据信息，未改动删减。
", "ds_quality": "对收集到的《中国的自然资源》进行电子化加工处理，按照国家标准《GB/T 31219.2-2014图书馆馆藏资源数字化加工规范》要求，未改动删减《中国的自然资源》的数据信息，数据质量可靠。
", "ds_acq_start_time": "2025-08-01 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2025-08-30 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "中国", "ds_acq_lon_east": null, "ds_acq_lat_south": null, "ds_acq_lon_west": null, "ds_acq_lat_north": null, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "apply-access", "ds_total_size": 4509672, "ds_files_count": 1, "ds_format": ".PDF格式", "ds_space_res": null, "ds_time_res": "", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "", "ds_thumbnail": "cae8eae9-deea-4c79-8fbd-141e9531feb6.png", "ds_thumb_from": 0, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "a5877b42-96ea-4f13-af7e-246f355413d6", "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "170.4510", "170.4599" ], "quality_level": 1, "publish_time": "2026-09-18 19:29:08", "first_publish_time": null, "last_updated": "2026-09-18 19:29:08", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": "33110.11.ariddc.01633", "license": null, "extra": null, "files_shape": [ { "name": "20250801004(XJLASRU70002032).pdf", "size": 4509672, "is_dir": false } ], "features": null, "data_level": 0, "i18n": { "en": { "title": "China's natural resources", "ds_abstract": "The People's Republic of China is one of the greatest countries in the world. It stretches from the lofty heights of the Pamir Plateau to the vast expanse of the Pacific Ocean, and from the harsh taiga forests along the Amur River to the coral islands of tropical seas. In terms of area (9.9 million square kilometers), China is second only to the Soviet Union, slightly smaller than Canada, but larger than every other country in the world.\r\n\r\nChina’s natural environment is rich and generous. Its diverse natural resources provide excellent conditions for the development of agriculture and industry and for the prosperity of hundreds of millions of people.\r\n\r\nFor many centuries, however, the natural resources of the country served the great and industrious Chinese people only to a very limited extent. These resources remained largely unexplored and were exploited in a predatory manner. Until the establishment of the People’s Republic, China remained a backward agricultural country, serving as a vast market for the industrial goods of imperialist powers, a source of raw materials, and a means of extracting profits from the exploitation of Chinese laborers. The domination of foreign capital established in the second half of the nineteenth century, together with the oppression of the feudal bureaucratic system, long impeded China’s development. In terms of industrial production, the country ranked among the last in the world. For example, in 1937, although China accounted for nearly one quarter of the world’s population, it produced only 0.6% of the world’s coal, 0.5% of its iron ore, 0.35% of its pig iron, and 0.22% of its copper output. In 1933, China’s steel production was twenty-seven times lower than that of colonial India. Chinese industry was incapable of meeting even the most basic domestic demand for essential products. In the past, only those industrial sectors directly connected with the extraction or primary processing of raw materials were developed, in accordance with the interests of foreign companies. At the same time, almost all industry was concentrated in a narrow coastal zone, from which foreigners could more easily export the resources they had appropriated. Vast inland regions remained unexplored and lacked industrial development altogether. The imperialist powers controlled the most important sectors of the national economy and sought to preserve for as long as possible the feudal remnants that dominated every sphere of economic and social life.\r\n\r\nThe victory of the People’s Democratic Revolution opened up broad opportunities for the development of China’s productive forces. For the first time, the Chinese people gained the possibility of carrying out economic construction in their own interests: developing and distributing all branches of production in the most rational manner and utilizing natural and human resources according to a planned system. In the years following liberation, the People’s Republic of China achieved remarkable successes. After rapidly restoring the economy that had been devastated during the war, the Chinese people launched their First Five-Year Plan for economic development in 1953. A new chapter in Chinese history began, the era of industrialization and rapid progress toward socialism.\r\n\r\nDuring the First Five-Year Plan period, great achievements were made in every sector of the national economy.", "ds_source": "Author (Editorial Board):.А. Berezina (А.Березина）\r\nPublished by: 丨 зда т е льс т в о с т очной л и т е р а туры\r\nPublished: Moscow\r\nPublication year: 1958\r\nPages: 86 pages \r\nLanguage: Russian\r\nCollection barcode: XJLAS RU 70002032", "ds_process_way": "This book is the collection of the Document Information Center of the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Center). The center has stored the book electronically and has been recognized by OCR. The data processing process is in accordance with the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\" and fully complies with the data information of \"Natural Resources of China\" without modification or deletion.", "ds_quality": "The collected \"Natural Resources of China\" were processed electronically. In accordance with the requirements of the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources,\" the data information of \"Natural Resources of China\" was not changed or deleted, and the data quality was reliable.", "ds_acq_place": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_ref_way": "", "ds_format": ".PDF format", "ds_projection": "", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_time_res": "" } }, "license_type": null, "doi_reg_from": "reg_local", "cstr_reg_from": "reg_local", "doi_not_reg_reason": null, "cstr_not_reg_reason": null, "is_paper_in_submitting": false, "ds_topic_tags": [ "中国经济", "中国自然地理" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "自然地理学", "地理学其他学科" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "中国" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 1958 ], "ds_contributors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_meta_authors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_managers": [ "文献信息中心" ], "category": "图书" }