金刚石是所有已知矿物和人造合金中最坚硬的。金刚石无与伦比的硬度及其对化学试剂作用和磨损的抵抗力，使其在技术领域得到广泛应用。金刚石属于一级宝石，用于珠宝行业。\n目前，很难找到哪个工业部门在某种程度上不使用金刚石。它们尤其广泛应用于金属加工、石材切割和磨料行业，以及在坚硬岩层中的钻探作业。使用金刚石可使生产过程加快许多倍，提高产品质量和制品精度。因此，尽管在硬质和超硬合金制造方面取得了巨大成就，工业对金刚石的需求仍逐年增长。\n随着对工业用金刚石需求的增加，其世界开采量也在增长，到第二次世界大战开始时（1940年）已超过1440万克拉。战争期间，金刚石开采量下降到900-1100万克拉，但到1949年又恢复到了战前水平。特别是在过去五年中，金刚石开采量增长尤为迅速。1954年，世界金刚石开采量达到2040万克拉，其中1680万克拉，即约82%，是工业用金刚石。\n上述数字充分表明，近年来工业用金刚石变得何等重要。我国工业也急需工业用金刚石。\n乌拉尔地区准备好的金刚石原料基地，由于砂矿中金刚石含量低，无法保障大型金刚石开采工业的发展。1941—1944年间在中乌拉尔西坡矿床组织的金刚石开采，至今规模不大，无法满足国内工业对技术钻石的需求。而从国外获取金刚石则因控制世界钻石市场的资本主义国家设置障碍而十分困难。因此，金刚石在苏联的应用受到限制。我国许多工业部门根本得不到金刚石，只能使用替代品工作。特别是，所有钻探作业实际上都已改用替代品。\n据初步计算，仅苏联地质和矿产保护部及苏联有色冶金部改用金刚石勘探钻探，每年即可节省数亿卢布。在金属加工、机床制造、仪器制造和磨料工业中改用金刚石将带来更大的效益。\n鉴于苏共二十大根据第六个五年计划提出的进一步发展国民经济和提高劳动生产率的巨大任务，保障工业用国产钻石成为具有全国意义的最重要问题。\n1954—1955年间，在雅库特苏维埃社会主义自治共和国发现了丰富的含金刚石砂矿和金刚石原生矿床，其金刚石含量可与国外正在开采的金刚石矿床，包括南非的矿床相媲美。\n根据近年，特别是1955—1956年的工作成果所揭示的西伯利亚地台含金刚石性的广阔前景，确保了在雅库特苏维埃社会主义自治共和国组织金刚石开采工业的可能性，其规模将完全满足苏联对工业用金刚石的需求。\n苏联地质和矿产保护部乌拉尔西伯利亚地质总局阿马金勘探队地质工作者集体撰写的《西伯利亚的金刚石》一书，是在研究西伯利亚地台含金刚石性的最新资料（包括1955年的研究材料）基础上编写的。书中首次描述了在雅库特苏维埃社会主义自治共和国境内发现的金刚石原生矿床，详细探讨了金伯利岩的岩石学和矿物学，以及金刚石的结晶学和矿物学。书中还介绍了维柳伊盆地含金刚石砂矿的特征，并描述了在西伯利亚地台条件下进行金刚石地质勘探工作的方法。\n鉴于书中包含的实际材料丰富且新颖，以及保障国民经济用国产金刚石问题的重大现实意义，尽管关于金刚石原生矿床的材料尚不完整，个别问题也未及深入探讨，本书仍对广大苏联地质工作者具有很大价值
", "ds_source": "作者（编委会）：А. П. 博布里耶维奇、М. Н. 邦达连科、М. А. 格涅武舍夫、Н. В. 金德、Б. Я. 科列什科夫、Н. А. 库雷廖娃、З. Д. 涅费多娃、Л. А. 波普加耶娃、Е. Э. 波波娃、В. Д. 斯库利斯基、Г. И. 斯米尔诺夫、Р. К. 尤尔克维奇、Г. Х. 法因施泰因、В. Н. 休金（М. Н. Бондаренко, М. А. Гневушев, Н. В. Кинд, Б. Я. Корешков, Н. А. Курылева, З. Д. Нефедова, Л. А. Попугаева, Е. Э. Попова, В. Д. Скульский, Г. И. Смирнов, Р. К. Юркевич, Г. Х. Файнштейн и В. Н. Щукин.）\n出版社：Государственное издательство технико-теоретической литературы\n出版地：莫斯科\n出版年：1957年\n页数：158页 \n语种：俄文\n馆藏条形码：XJLAS RU 70020796
", "ds_process_way": "本书为中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所文献信息中心（以下简称中心）馆藏文献，中心将本书电子化后存储，已经过OCR识别，数据加工过程依据国家标准《GB/T 31219.2-2014图书馆馆藏资源数字化加工规范》，完全遵照《西伯利亚的金刚石》的数据信息，未改动删减。
", "ds_quality": "对收集到的《西伯利亚的金刚石》进行电子化加工处理，按照国家标准《GB/T 31219.2-2014图书馆馆藏资源数字化加工规范》要求，未改动删减《西伯利亚的金刚石》的数据信息，数据质量可靠。
", "ds_acq_start_time": "2025-09-30 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2025-09-30 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "苏联", "ds_acq_lon_east": null, "ds_acq_lat_south": null, "ds_acq_lon_west": null, "ds_acq_lat_north": null, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "login-access", "ds_total_size": 111062782, "ds_files_count": 1, "ds_format": "PDF格式", "ds_space_res": "无", "ds_time_res": "无", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "无", "ds_thumbnail": "b9e89b70-9213-4ce1-b747-d64c97da8c0e.png", "ds_thumb_from": 0, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "a5877b42-96ea-4f13-af7e-246f355413d6", "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "170.50" ], "quality_level": 1, "publish_time": "2026-09-03 18:27:48", "first_publish_time": null, "last_updated": "2026-09-03 18:27:48", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": "33110.11.ariddc.01992", "license": null, "extra": null, "files_shape": [ { "name": "202510040003(XJLASRU70020796).pdf", "size": 111062782, "is_dir": false } ], "features": null, "data_level": 0, "i18n": { "en": { "title": "Diamonds of Siberia", "ds_abstract": "Diamond is the hardest of all known minerals and man-made alloys. Diamond is widely used in the field of technology because of its unparalleled hardness and resistance to chemical agents and wear. Diamond is a first-class gem and is used in the jewelry industry.\r\nAt present, it is difficult to find which industrial sector does not use diamond to some extent. They are particularly widely used in metal processing, stone cutting and abrasive industries, as well as drilling operations in hard rock formations. The use of diamond can speed up the production process many times, improve product quality and product accuracy. Therefore, although great achievements have been made in the manufacture of hard and superhard alloys, the industrial demand for diamonds is still growing year by year.\r\nWith the increasing demand for industrial diamond, its world mining volume is also growing. By the beginning of World War II (1940), it had exceeded 14.4 million carats. During the war, diamond mining fell to 9-11 million carats, but returned to the pre war level in 1949. Especially in the past five years, diamond mining has increased rapidly. In 1954, the world's diamond mining volume reached 20.4 million carats, of which 16.8 million carats, or about 82%, were industrial diamonds.\r\nThe above figures fully show how important industrial diamond has become in recent years. China's industry is also in urgent need of industrial diamond.\r\nDue to the low content of diamond in placer, the prepared diamond raw material base in Ural region cannot guarantee the development of large-scale diamond mining industry. The diamond mining organized in the west slope deposit of central ural during 1941-1944 is not large enough to meet the demand of domestic industry for technical diamonds. However, it is very difficult to obtain diamonds from abroad due to the obstacles set by capitalist countries that control the world diamond market. Therefore, the application of diamond in the Soviet Union was limited. Many industrial sectors in China have no access to diamonds at all and can only work with substitutes. In particular, virtually all drilling operations have been converted to alternatives.\r\nAccording to preliminary calculation, only the Ministry of Geology and mineral protection of the Soviet Union and the Ministry of nonferrous metallurgy of the Soviet Union switched to diamond exploration drilling, which could save hundreds of millions of rubles per year. Using diamond in metal processing, machine tool manufacturing, instrument manufacturing and abrasive industry will bring greater benefits.\r\nIn view of the huge task of further developing the national economy and improving labor productivity put forward by the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in accordance with the sixth five year plan, the protection of domestic diamonds for industrial use has become the most important issue of national significance.\r\nFrom 1954 to 1955, abundant diamond bearing placers and primary diamond deposits were found in Yakut Soviet Socialist Autonomous Republic, and their diamond content was comparable to that of diamond deposits being mined abroad, including those in South Africa.\r\nAccording to the work results in recent years, especially from 1955 to 1956, the broad prospects of the diamond bearing nature of the Siberian Platform have ensured the possibility of organizing the diamond mining industry in the Yakut Soviet Socialist Autonomous Republic, and its scale will fully meet the demand of the Soviet Union for industrial diamonds.\r\nThe book diamond in Siberia, written collectively by the geologists of amakin exploration team of the Ural Siberian Geological Bureau of the Ministry of Geology and mineral protection of the Soviet Union, is based on the latest information on the diamond bearing properties of the Siberian Platform (including the research materials in 1955). The book first describes the primary diamond deposits found in Yakut Soviet Socialist Autonomous Republic, and discusses in detail the petrology and mineralogy of kimberlite, as well as the crystallography and mineralogy of diamond. The book also introduces the characteristics of diamond bearing placers in the viluyi basin and describes the methods of diamond geological exploration under the conditions of the Siberian Platform.\r\nIn view of the rich and novel practical materials contained in the book and the great practical significance of ensuring the use of domestic diamonds in the national economy, although the materials on primary diamond deposits are not complete, and individual issues have not been discussed in depth, the book is still of great value to the vast number of Soviet geologists", "ds_source": "Author (Editorial Board): А.П. Bobrievich, Minh.Н. Bondarenko, Minh.А. Genevushev, Un.В. Jin De, Ba.Я. Koreshkov, Un.А. Kureliova,.Д. Nefedova, LN.А. Popgaeva, En.Э. Popova, B.Д. Skulsky, 丨.И. Smirnov, R.К. Jurkevich, 丨.Х. Feinstein, B.Н. Xiu Jin (Mus.Н.Бондаренко, М.А.Гневушев, Н.В.Кинд, Б.Я.Корешков, Н.А.Курылева, З.Д.Нефедова, Л.А.Попугаева, Е.Э.Попова, В.Д.Скульский, Г.И.Смирнов, Р.К.Юркевич, Г.Х.Файнштейн и В.Н.Щукин.）\r\nPublished by: 丨 о с у д а р с т в е н н о е изд а т е льс т в о т е р н и к о-т е о р е т иче с к ой л и т е р а т у ры\r\nPublished: Moscow\r\nPublication year: 1957\r\nPages: 158 pages \r\nLanguage: Russian\r\nCollection barcode: XJLAS RU 70020796", "ds_process_way": "This book is the collection of the Documentation and Information Center of the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Center). The center has stored the book electronically and has been recognized by OCR. The data processing process is in accordance with the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", fully complying with the data information of \"Diamond of Siberia\" without modification or deletion.", "ds_quality": "The collected \"Siberian Diamonds\" were processed electronically. In accordance with the requirements of the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Code for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", the data information of \"Siberian Diamonds\" was not changed and deleted, and the data quality was reliable.", "ds_acq_place": "Soviet Union", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_ref_way": "", "ds_format": "PDF format", "ds_projection": "no", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_time_res": "" } }, "license_type": null, "doi_reg_from": "reg_local", "cstr_reg_from": "reg_local", "doi_not_reg_reason": null, "cstr_not_reg_reason": null, "is_paper_in_submitting": false, "ds_topic_tags": [ "河漫滩草甸", "饲料基地" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "地质学" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "苏联" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 1957 ], "ds_contributors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_meta_authors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_managers": [ "文献信息中心" ], "category": "图书" }