1981年10月，在阿什哈巴德举行了第四次全苏沙漠综合研究、开发与保护问题科学会议，与会者包括苏联科学界、设计、规划、生产组织、高等院校以及与沙漠地区自然资源研究和开发相关的各部委的代表。关于此问题的全苏科学会议曾于1976年在阿什哈巴德举行。在两次会议间隔期间，位于沙漠地带各共和国的经济发生了重大变化。开发了新的油气田，修建了大型灌溉渠道和水库，沙漠地区的矿产资源得到发现和集约利用，种植业和畜牧业得到发展。\n会议总结了五年来在沙漠问题上的研究成果，并根据苏共二十六大的决议确定了下一步工作的首要任务。\n本书收录了五个方向的报告。\n一、 沙漠的自然气候条件、区划与自然保护。自然资源集约开发、沙漠中的大规模灌溉建设以及其他类型的人类经济活动表明，在当代条件下，人为因素已成为景观形成因子。一系列报告探讨了灌溉渠道和水库对沙漠气候、土壤和景观的影响问题。提出了在人类经济活动活跃条件下的区域自然资源利用和自然综合体保护问题。\n二、 研究自然条件与资源的航空航天方法。众所周知，人类进入宇宙空间促进了新科学学科的发展，其中\n航天地球学为研究沙漠自然条件与资源的有效方法提供了新的推动力。在当前阶段，研究沙漠的航空航天（遥感）方法构成了监测的基础。快速变化的沙漠自然条件在三个层面进行研究：从太空、从飞机（或直升机）以及从地面。监测的每一层级解决其自身的任务。这些问题在所提交的报告中有所反映。\n三、 沙漠的土地资源。苏联沙漠地带分布着大片灌溉土地，用于种植棉花、甜菜、粮食和饲料作物。为了实现苏联的食品计划，土地资源具有重要意义。未来可能会开发大面积的新土地，这将需要额外的水资源。报告中反映了灌溉影响下土壤物理化学性质的变化，并对合理利用沙漠资源及提高其肥力给予了极大关注。\n四、 沙漠的水资源。报告提出了合理利用水资源、在沙漠条件下为种植各种农作物而重新分配水资源的问题。同时还提供了当前非常紧迫的咸海问题研究的结果。\n五、 流动沙丘及其防治。提供了关于使用粘合材料固定沙丘和进行植物改良的新数据，关于防护林对农业用地生产力的影响。这些报告从预防可能发生的荒漠化过程的角度来看尤为紧迫。所提供的数据证明了苏联科学家和生产实践者在解决沙漠地区资源综合研究与开发任务方面所积累的丰富经验。
", "ds_source": "作者（编委会）：А.Г.巴巴耶夫（А.Г.Бабаев）\n出版社：Издательство \"ылым\"\n出版地：阿什哈巴德\n出版年：1984年\n页数：432页\n语种：俄文\n馆藏条形码：XJLAS RU 70020885
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", "ds_acq_start_time": "2025-09-30 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2025-09-30 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "苏联", "ds_acq_lon_east": null, "ds_acq_lat_south": null, "ds_acq_lon_west": null, "ds_acq_lat_north": null, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "apply-access", "ds_total_size": 168667611, "ds_files_count": 1, "ds_format": "PDF格式", "ds_space_res": "无", "ds_time_res": "无", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "", "ds_thumbnail": "90f6f047-f663-4b35-8e0f-3cbe595c1d20.png", "ds_thumb_from": 0, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "a5877b42-96ea-4f13-af7e-246f355413d6", "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "170.45" ], "quality_level": 1, "publish_time": "2026-09-11 13:14:04", "first_publish_time": null, "last_updated": "2026-09-23 16:29:48", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": "33110.11.ariddc.02246", "license": null, "extra": null, "files_shape": [ { "name": "202507200003（XJLASRU70020885）双层.pdf", "size": 168667611, "is_dir": false } ], "features": null, "data_level": 0, "i18n": { "en": { "title": "Natural conditions and resources of Soviet deserts and their rational utilization", "ds_abstract": "In October 1981, the Fourth All-Union Scientific Conference on the Integrated Study, Development, and Protection of Deserts was held in Ashgabat. Participants included representatives of the Soviet scientific community, design and planning organizations, industrial enterprises, institutions of higher education, and various ministries involved in the study and development of natural resources in desert regions. A previous All-Union scientific conference on this subject had been held in Ashgabat in 1976. During the period between the two conferences, significant economic changes took place in the republics located within the desert zone. New oil and gas fields were developed, large irrigation canals and reservoirs were constructed, mineral resources in desert regions were discovered and intensively exploited, and both crop production and animal husbandry expanded.\r\n\r\nThe conference summarized the achievements of five years of research on desert-related problems and, in accordance with the resolutions of the 26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, identified the priority tasks for future work.\r\n\r\nThis volume contains reports in five major areas.\r\n\r\nI. Natural Climatic Conditions, Regionalization, and Nature Conservation in Deserts\r\n\r\nThe intensive exploitation of natural resources, large-scale irrigation construction in deserts, and other forms of human economic activity have demonstrated that, under modern conditions, anthropogenic factors have become an important force in landscape formation. A number of papers examine the impacts of irrigation canals and reservoirs on desert climate, soils, and landscapes. They also address issues of regional natural-resource utilization and the protection of natural complexes under conditions of active economic development.\r\n\r\nII. Aerospace Methods for the Study of Natural Conditions and Resources\r\n\r\nAs is well known, humanity’s entry into outer space stimulated the development of new scientific disciplines. Among these, space geoscience provided new momentum for the development of effective methods for studying desert natural conditions and resources. At the present stage, aerospace (remote sensing) methods form the basis of desert monitoring. The rapidly changing natural conditions of deserts are studied at three levels: from space, from aircraft (or helicopters), and from the ground. Each monitoring level addresses its own set of tasks. These issues are reflected in the reports presented.\r\n\r\nIII. Land Resources of Deserts\r\n\r\nLarge areas of irrigated land are distributed throughout the desert zones of the Soviet Union and are used for cultivating cotton, sugar beet, grain crops, and fodder crops. Land resources are of great importance for implementing the Soviet food program. In the future, extensive new areas of land may be brought under cultivation, requiring additional water resources. The reports describe changes in the physicochemical properties of soils under irrigation and devote considerable attention to the rational utilization of desert resources and the improvement of soil fertility.\r\n\r\nIV. Water Resources of Deserts\r\n\r\nThe reports address issues related to the rational use of water resources and the redistribution of water under desert conditions for the cultivation of various agricultural crops. They also present the results of research on the Aral Sea problem, which at the time was an issue of pressing concern.\r\n\r\nV. Mobile Sand Dunes and Their Stabilization\r\n\r\nNew data are presented on the stabilization of sand dunes using binding materials and vegetation improvement techniques, as well as on the influence of shelterbelts on the productivity of agricultural lands. These reports are particularly important from the standpoint of preventing potential desertification processes. The data presented demonstrate the extensive experience accumulated by Soviet scientists and practitioners in addressing the challenges of the integrated study and development of resources in desert regions.", "ds_source": "Author (Editorial Board): А.Г. Babayev (А.Г.Бабаев）\r\nPublished by: 丨 здательство \"ы л ым\"\r\nPlace of publication: Ashgabat\r\nPublication year: 1984\r\nPages: 432 pages\r\nLanguage: Russian\r\nCollection barcode: XJLAS RU 70020885", "ds_process_way": "This book is the collection of the Documentation and Information Center of the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Center). The center has stored the book electronically and has been recognized by OCR. The data processing process is in accordance with the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", and fully complies with the data information of \"Natural Conditions and Resources of the Soviet Desert and Their Rational Utilization\" without modification or deletion.", "ds_quality": "The collected \"Natural Conditions and Resources of the Soviet Desert and Their Rational Utilization\" were electronically processed. In accordance with the requirements of the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Code for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\",\"The\" Soviet Desert \"was not changed and deleted. The data information of Natural Conditions and Resources and Their Rational Utilization\" was of reliable quality.", "ds_acq_place": "Soviet Union", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_ref_way": "", "ds_format": "PDF format", "ds_projection": "", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_time_res": "" } }, "license_type": null, "doi_reg_from": "reg_local", "cstr_reg_from": "reg_local", "doi_not_reg_reason": null, "cstr_not_reg_reason": null, "is_paper_in_submitting": false, "ds_topic_tags": [ "流沙治理", "荒漠化防治" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "地理学" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "苏联" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 1984 ], "ds_contributors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_meta_authors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_managers": [ "文献信息中心" ], "category": "图书" }