卡拉卡尔帕克苏维埃社会主义自治共和国占据了阿姆河三角洲、咸海南部及其邻近的乌斯秋尔特和克孜勒库姆地区的领土。共和国的地理位置由北纬40°58′—45°39′和东经56°00′—62°33′确定。卡拉卡尔帕克苏维埃社会主义自治共和国西部、北部和东北部与哈萨克苏维埃社会主义共和国接壤；南部与土库曼苏维埃社会主义共和国接壤；东部和东南部与乌兹别克苏维埃社会主义共和国的布哈拉州和花拉子模州接壤。领土南北延伸达420公里，东西达550公里。总面积16.7万平方公里。\n卡拉卡尔帕克苏维埃社会主义自治共和国是一个拥有巨大且尚未充分利用的多种农业发展潜力的国家。其基础是绿洲灌溉农业。但由于拥有广阔的牧场、芦苇丛和众多水体，这里的农业与半舍饲和转场畜牧业以及渔业、狩猎和毛皮兽养殖业独特地结合在一起。\n然而，在适合灌溉的土地总面积中，卡拉卡尔帕克的灌溉系统覆盖面积不到40万公顷，其中耕地约27万公顷，而播种面积仅约17.5万公顷。大片生荒地和老休闲地虽然拥有强大的灌溉水源——阿姆河的水，但仍未纳入农业耕作。造成这种情况的原因在很大程度上在于，卡拉卡尔帕克丰富的自然资源同时也隐藏着巨大的开发困难。特别是，新土地的灌溉成功与否，以及旧土地用于灌溉作物的利用成功与否，完全取决于解决土壤盐渍化防治这一复杂问题。此外，在许多地方，只有可靠地防止阿姆河洪水泛滥，农业才有可能。换句话说，这里的农业利用只有在持续应用土壤改良措施系统的情况下才有可能。\n畜牧业也只利用了相对较小部分的天然饲料资源。三角洲生荒地每年产生数百万吨植物物质，加上荒漠牧场，这些资源都未被利用。乌斯秋尔特和克孜勒库姆荒漠空间的开发面临供水和冬季牲畜饲养的巨大困难。\n上述提到的农业特点在卡拉卡尔帕克苏维埃社会主义自治共和国中十分典型。该共和国拥有巨大的土地和水资源，但位于荒漠带的严酷自然条件下，在许多方面对土壤肥力不利。\n长期以来，各领域的研究者一直关注卡拉卡尔帕克自然条件的研究。由于农业的实际需求，土壤研究具有了重要意义。在这方面，卡拉卡尔帕克积累了大量已发表和未发表的资料，尤其是1951—1953年大型考察工作的成果。对这些材料进行系统总结，是本概述的任务。\n
", "ds_source": "作者（编委会）：Н.В.金贝尔格, М.И.科丘别伊, С.А.舒瓦洛夫, И.Н.费利齐安特, А.З.格努索夫（Н.В. Кимберг, М.И. Кочубей, С.А. Шувалов, И.Н. Фелициант, А.З. Генусов）\n出版社：Издательство «Узбекистан»\n出版地：塔什干\n出版年：1964年\n页数：294页 \n语种：俄文\n馆藏条形码：XJLAS RU 70020517\n
", "ds_process_way": "本书为中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所文献信息中心（以下简称中心）馆藏文献，中心将本书电子化后存储，已经过OCR识别，数据加工过程依据国家标准《GB/T 31219.2-2014图书馆馆藏资源数字化加工规范》，完全遵照《乌兹别克苏维埃社会主义共和国的土壤（第三卷）》的数据信息，未改动删减。\n
", "ds_quality": "对收集到的《乌兹别克苏维埃社会主义共和国的土壤（第三卷）》进行电子化加工处理，按照国家标准《GB/T 31219.2-2014图书馆馆藏资源数字化加工规范》要求，未改动删减《乌兹别克苏维埃社会主义共和国的土壤（第三卷）》的数据信息，数据质量可靠。\n
", "ds_acq_start_time": "2025-06-02 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2025-06-02 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "乌兹别克斯坦苏维埃社会主义共和国", "ds_acq_lon_east": null, "ds_acq_lat_south": null, "ds_acq_lon_west": null, "ds_acq_lat_north": null, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "apply-access", "ds_total_size": 57751918, "ds_files_count": 1, "ds_format": "PDF格式", "ds_space_res": "无", "ds_time_res": "无", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "", "ds_thumbnail": "73f319f1-6467-474e-968f-3a815b5d5539.jpg", "ds_thumb_from": 0, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "a5877b42-96ea-4f13-af7e-246f355413d6", "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "170.4599" ], "quality_level": 1, "publish_time": "2026-09-21 17:22:31", "first_publish_time": null, "last_updated": "2026-09-21 17:22:31", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": "33110.11.ariddc.01604", "license": null, "extra": null, "files_shape": [ { "name": "20250602606(XJLASRU70020517).pdf", "size": 57751918, "is_dir": false } ], "features": null, "data_level": 0, "i18n": { "en": { "title": "Soil of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic", "ds_abstract": "The Karakalpak Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic occupies the territory of the Amu Darya Delta, the southern region of the Aral Sea, and the adjacent areas of Ustyurt and Kyzylkum. The republic is located between 40°58′ and 45°39′ north latitude and between 56°00′ and 62°33′ east longitude. To the west, north, and northeast, the Karakalpak Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic borders the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic; to the south, it borders the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic; and to the east and southeast, it borders the Bukhara and Khorezm regions of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic. The territory stretches 420 kilometers from north to south and 550 kilometers from east to west. Its total area is 167,000 square kilometers.\r\n\r\nThe Karakalpak Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic possesses enormous and still insufficiently utilized potential for diverse agricultural development. The foundation of its economy is oasis irrigated agriculture. However, owing to its vast pastures, reed beds, and numerous bodies of water, agriculture here is uniquely combined with semi-stall and migratory livestock husbandry, as well as fisheries, hunting, and fur-animal breeding.\r\n\r\nHowever, of the total land area suitable for irrigation, the irrigation system of Karakalpakia covers less than 400,000 hectares, of which approximately 270,000 hectares are arable land, while the actual sown area amounts to only about 175,000 hectares. Large expanses of virgin land and long-fallow land, despite having access to the powerful irrigation source of the Amu Darya, have not yet been brought under cultivation. This situation is largely due to the fact that Karakalpakia’s rich natural resources are accompanied by considerable difficulties in development. In particular, the success of irrigating new lands and the effective use of old lands for irrigated crops depend entirely on solving the complex problem of preventing and combating soil salinization. Furthermore, in many areas, agriculture is possible only if the flooding of the Amu Darya can be reliably controlled. In other words, agricultural utilization in this region is feasible only through the continuous application of a comprehensive system of land-reclamation measures.\r\n\r\nAnimal husbandry also utilizes only a relatively small portion of the available natural fodder resources. The virgin lands of the delta produce millions of tons of plant biomass annually, and together with the desert pastures, these resources remain largely unused. The development of the desert expanses of Ustyurt and Kyzylkum faces significant difficulties related to water supply and the maintenance of livestock during the winter season.\r\n\r\nThe agricultural characteristics mentioned above are highly typical of the Karakalpak Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. The republic possesses abundant land and water resources, yet it is situated within the harsh natural conditions of the desert zone, which in many respects are unfavorable to soil fertility.\r\n\r\nFor a long time, researchers from various fields have paid close attention to the study of the natural conditions of Karakalpakia. Because of the practical needs of agriculture, soil research acquired particular importance. In this regard, Karakalpakia has accumulated a large body of published and unpublished materials, especially the results of major expeditions conducted during 1951-1953. The task of the present survey is to provide a systematic synthesis of these materials.", "ds_source": "Author (Editorial Board): Un.В. Kimberg, Mr.И. Kochubei, С.А. Shuvalov.Н. Felizante, А.З. GnusovВ.Кимберг, М.И.Кочубей, С.А.Шувалов, И.Н.Фелициант, А.З.Генусов）\r\nPublished by: 丨 зда т ельс тво «Узбеки с т ан»\r\nPublished: Tashkent\r\nPublication year: 1964\r\nPages: 294 pages \r\nLanguage: Russian\r\nCollection barcode: XJLAS RU 70020517\r\n
", "ds_process_way": "This book is the collection of the Documentation and Information Center of the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Center). The center has stored the book electronically and has been recognized by OCR. The data processing process is in accordance with the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", and fully complies with the data information of \"Soil of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (Volume 3)\" without changes or deletions.\r\n
", "ds_quality": "The collected \"Soil of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (Volume 3)\" was processed electronically. In accordance with the requirements of the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", the data information of \"Soil of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (Volume 3)\" was unchanged and deleted. The data information is of reliable quality.\r\n
", "ds_acq_place": "Uzbekistan Soviet Socialist Republic", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_ref_way": "", "ds_format": "PDF format", "ds_projection": "", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_time_res": "" } }, "license_type": null, "doi_reg_from": "reg_local", "cstr_reg_from": "reg_local", "doi_not_reg_reason": null, "cstr_not_reg_reason": null, "is_paper_in_submitting": false, "ds_topic_tags": [ "阿姆河三角洲", "卡拉卡尔帕克" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "地理学其他学科" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "乌兹别克斯坦苏维埃社会主义共和国" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 1964 ], "ds_contributors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_meta_authors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_managers": [ "文献信息中心" ], "category": "图书" }