美国犹他州农业学院教授奥森·W·伊兹拉埃尔森（Orson W. Israelsen）所著《灌溉理论与实践》一书，第一版于1932年在美国出版，1936年由苏联出版俄文译本。该书第二版于1950年在美国出版，经作者修订和补充。奥·伊兹拉埃尔森教授的新版著作与第一版有很大不同：第15、16、17章已删除，第18、19、20章已压缩，某些章节的个别段落已删除。同时，该书补充了新的章节——关于灌溉土地排水和关于美国灌溉管理。某些章节的内容补充了新材料：提供了截至1948年的灌溉面积数据，补充了水泵提水、水井设施和美国提水成本的计算，扩充了关于土壤田间持水量、凋萎湿度和水分在非饱和土壤中运动的资料；提供了灌溉水中含盐量指标和各种农作物耐盐性数据；更新和扩充了美国的研究工作数据；编制了一份新的300种灌溉文献目录。\n需要指出的是，作者提供的截至1948年灌溉面积数据与其他作者（特别是霍恩和彼得森）的数据存在出入。例如，据伊兹拉埃尔森称，印度和巴基斯坦的灌溉土地面积为2400万公顷，而据英国资料计算则为2800万公顷。1948年苏联的灌溉面积在书中显示为320万公顷，而实际上要大出1倍。\n第6章中省略了沟灌计算。关于美国这种主要灌溉方式的信息给出得较为简略，且具有经验性。例如，指出果园的沟长从100英尺（30米）及以下到田间作物的1/4英里（400米）不等，但这些标准并未针对如此大的范围进行区分。沟长与土壤性质、坡度及其他因素之间的函数关系未被提及。\n在谈到土壤最低和最高湿度时，奥·伊兹拉埃尔森教授认为土壤水分对植物的有效性仅取决于土壤性质，而完全不涉及植物的生理特性，这大概也是因为最低湿度仅由土壤性质决定。这一结论不能令人同意。根据一系列试验工作的结果，作者指出松土不影响保水能力，这与我们的实践不符。\n在翻译成俄语的新版中，第18章关于美国灌溉行政方面的内容已被删除，因为对苏联读者无参考价值。此外，第15、16章已被压缩，并删除了若干包含对苏联灌溉实践无意义材料的表格。俄译本中删除了附录A，其中包含为美国学生准备的问题和答案。\n书中附有大量图表和照片。但缺点是某些情况下缺乏说明，例如张力计的结构。图75中沟渠互不平行，排除了使用多犁铧中耕机进行机械化松土的可能性。\n奥·伊兹拉埃尔森教授的第二版在内容上仍然是一本面向学生的教学指南，所引材料主要仅来自美国实践。\n书中提供了大量美国灌溉的各种资料。对苏联读者来说特别感兴趣的可能是土壤分层方法、地下水抽取、水泵结构、地表水地下蓄存及其用于灌溉的问题、灌溉技术、用于渠道表面衬砌和修整的机器等。书中的数值在编辑时已换算为公制。\n
", "ds_source": "作者（编委会）：译者А. Л.德米特里耶夫（А. Л. Дмитриев）\n出版社：Издательство иностранной литературы\n出版地：莫斯科\n出版年：1956年\n页数：349页 \n语种：俄文\n馆藏条形码：XJLAS RU 70020012\n
", "ds_process_way": "本书为中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所文献信息中心（以下简称中心）馆藏文献，中心将本书电子化后存储，已经过OCR识别，数据加工过程依据国家标准《GB/T 31219.2-2014图书馆馆藏资源数字化加工规范》，完全遵照《灌溉理论与实践》的数据信息，未改动删减。\n
", "ds_quality": "对收集到的《灌溉理论与实践》进行电子化加工处理，按照国家标准《GB/T 31219.2-2014图书馆馆藏资源数字化加工规范》要求，未改动删减《灌溉理论与实践》的数据信息，数据质量可靠。\n
", "ds_acq_start_time": "2025-07-25 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2025-07-25 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "美利坚合众国", "ds_acq_lon_east": null, "ds_acq_lat_south": null, "ds_acq_lon_west": null, "ds_acq_lat_north": null, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "apply-access", "ds_total_size": 25463343, "ds_files_count": 1, "ds_format": "PDF格式", "ds_space_res": "无", "ds_time_res": "无", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "", "ds_thumbnail": "63fc7560-3ecb-4c4c-9154-f2b1e855b464.jpg", "ds_thumb_from": 0, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "a5877b42-96ea-4f13-af7e-246f355413d6", "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "210.70" ], "quality_level": 1, "publish_time": "2026-09-17 19:24:00", "first_publish_time": null, "last_updated": "2026-09-22 16:40:34", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": "33110.11.ariddc.01907", "license": null, "extra": null, "files_shape": [ { "name": "20250725004(XJLASRU70020012).pdf", "size": 25463343, "is_dir": false } ], "features": null, "data_level": 0, "i18n": { "en": { "title": "Irrigation theory and practice", "ds_abstract": "Professor Orson W. Israelsen of the Utah State Agricultural College in the United States authored Irrigation Principles and Practices. The first edition was published in the United States in 1932, and a Russian translation was published in the Soviet Union in 1936. The second edition was published in the United States in 1950 after revision and expansion by the author. Professor Israelsen's new edition differs considerably from the first edition: Chapters 15, 16, and 17 were removed; Chapters 18, 19, and 20 were condensed; and certain passages in several chapters were deleted. At the same time, new chapters were added, including those on the drainage of irrigated lands and on irrigation administration in the United States. New material was also incorporated into several chapters: data on irrigated areas up to 1948 were provided; information was added on pumping water, well installations, and the calculation of water-lifting costs in the United States; materials on field moisture capacity, wilting moisture content, and water movement in unsaturated soils were expanded; salinity indicators for irrigation water and salt-tolerance data for various crops were included; data from American research work were updated and enlarged; and a new bibliography containing 300 references on irrigation was compiled.\r\n\r\nIt should be noted that the irrigated-area statistics up to 1948 presented by the author differ from those provided by other authors, particularly Horne and Peterson. For example, according to Israelsen, the irrigated land area of India and Pakistan amounted to 24 million hectares, whereas British sources estimated it at 28 million hectares. The irrigated area of the Soviet Union in 1948 is listed in the book as 3.2 million hectares, while the actual figure was approximately twice as large.\r\n\r\nThe calculations for furrow irrigation were omitted from Chapter 6. Information on this principal irrigation method in the United States is presented rather briefly and in an empirical manner. For example, it states that furrow lengths range from 100 feet (30 m) or less in orchards to one-quarter mile (400 m) in field crops, but no distinction is made within such a wide range. No mention is made of the functional relationship between furrow length and such factors as soil properties, slope, and other conditions.\r\n\r\nWhen discussing the minimum and maximum soil moisture contents, Professor Israelsen maintains that the availability of soil water to plants depends solely on soil properties and does not involve the physiological characteristics of plants, apparently because minimum moisture content itself is determined only by soil properties. This conclusion is difficult to accept. Based on the results of a series of experimental studies, the author further states that soil cultivation does not affect water-holding capacity, a view that does not accord with our experience.\r\n\r\nIn the new Russian translation, Chapter 18, dealing with irrigation administration in the United States, was omitted because it was considered of no practical value to Soviet readers. In addition, Chapters 15 and 16 were condensed, and several tables containing material irrelevant to Soviet irrigation practice were removed. Appendix A, which contained questions and answers prepared for American students, was also omitted from the Russian edition.\r\n\r\nThe book contains a large number of charts, illustrations, and photographs. However, one shortcoming is the lack of explanation in certain cases, such as for the construction of the tensiometer. In Figure 75, the furrows are not parallel, thereby eliminating the possibility of mechanized soil cultivation with multi-share cultivators.\r\n\r\nIn terms of content, the second edition by Professor Israelsen remains essentially a textbook intended for students, and the material cited is drawn primarily from American practice.\r\n\r\nThe book provides a large amount of information on irrigation in the United States. Of particular interest to Soviet readers may be the methods of soil profiling, groundwater extraction, pump construction, subsurface storage of surface water and its use for irrigation, irrigation techniques, and machines used for lining and finishing canal surfaces. All numerical values in the book were converted into metric units during editing.", "ds_source": "Author (Editorial Board): Translator А.Л. Dmitriyev (А.Л.Дмитриев）\r\nPublished by: 丨 зда т е льс тво и н о с т р а н н ой л и т е р а туры\r\nPublished: Moscow\r\nPublication year: 1956\r\nPages: 349 pages \r\nLanguage: Russian\r\nCollection barcode: XJLAS RU 70020012\r\n
", "ds_process_way": "This book is the collection of the Documentation and Information Center of the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Center). The center has stored the book electronically and has been recognized by OCR. The data processing process is in accordance with the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", and fully complies with the data information of \"Irrigation Theory and Practice\" without modification or deletion.\r\n
", "ds_quality": "The collected \"Irrigation Theory and Practice\" was processed electronically. In accordance with the requirements of the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", the data information of \"Irrigation Theory and Practice\" was not changed and deleted. The data quality was reliable.\r\n
", "ds_acq_place": "United States of America", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_ref_way": "", "ds_format": "PDF format", "ds_projection": "", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_time_res": "" } }, "license_type": null, "doi_reg_from": "reg_local", "cstr_reg_from": "reg_local", "doi_not_reg_reason": null, "cstr_not_reg_reason": null, "is_paper_in_submitting": false, "ds_topic_tags": [ "土壤", "地下储存", "地下水", "地表水", "水泵结构", "美国", "灌溉" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "农业工程" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "美利坚合众国" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 1956 ], "ds_contributors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_meta_authors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_managers": [ "文献信息中心" ], "category": "图书" }