西西伯利亚平原是我国一个幅员辽阔且自然条件独特的地区，是数十万人经济活动的场所。其自然潜力巨大：石油和天然气储量、丰富的森林资源、大型泥炭矿床、鄂毕河和额尔齐斯河河漫滩珍贵的饲料草场。目前，西西伯利亚是优先经济开发区，首先与油气田开发、大型工业综合体建设以及西伯利亚河流径流南调工程的实施相关。苏共第二十六次代表大会的决议以及党和政府关于实施我国食品计划的决定中，都赋予了该地区自然财富开发以重要地位。\n西西伯利亚平原的自然独特性由其地质-地貌构造特征、古地理以及现代水文气候过程所决定。在构造方面，西西伯利亚平原是一个晚海西期地台，具有褶皱的前侏罗纪基底。其现代地形以广阔的堆积平原为主，由疏松的第四纪沉积物（砂、亚砂土、粘土）构成，相对高度约100米。这些平原占据了西西伯利亚中部地区所有的河间地带，仅在其南部有低矮（高达300米）的构造-剥蚀高原——瓦休甘高原、楚雷姆-叶尼塞高原、鄂毕高原等。在中部鄂毕地区，低洼的冰水平原自西向东被一系列冰川隆起——柳林沃尔、西伯利亚瓦累——所横切。侵蚀地貌以鄂毕河、额尔齐斯河、纳济姆河、普尔河、塔兹河及其众多支流等大型河流的河谷综合体为代表。\n西西伯利亚平原的气候以显著的大陆性为特征。其南北地区的水热指标存在显著差异，这与太阳辐射收入、降水量、蒸发量等的纬度变化有关。表1列出了一些反映这些差异的数据。\n西西伯利亚平原南北延伸的巨大长度以及热量和水分指标的纬度变化，使得自然地带性在其领土上表现十分明显。现代地形的平坦性进一步加强了这一表现。В.С.梅津采夫和И.В.卡尔纳采维奇在西西伯利亚平原范围内划分出八个水文气候带，具有不同的湿润和热量供应指标，这决定了这些地带内特定类型植被和土壤的发展。\n地带性特征在植被覆盖中表现得最为明显，В.Н.戈罗德科夫首先注意到了这一点，他提出了西西伯利亚森林和冻原植被的精细亚带划分方案。现代地植物学家和林学家的研究资料在很大程度上完善和细化了这一划分。\n土壤、景观和河漫滩植被以及沼泽景观的地带性划分方案已得到详细研究和大量实际资料的论证。总体而言，根据现代自然地理划分，西西伯利亚平原领土分为五个自然带——冻原、森林冻原、森林、森林草原、草原及其相应的亚带——北极冻原和典型冻原、北、中、南泰加林、杨桦林、北部和南部森林草原、杂类草-羊茅-针茅草原和干旱羊茅-针茅草原。因此，地带性是西西伯利亚平原自然的主要特征之一，是在平坦地形条件下水热因子强烈影响的后果。\n其另一个特殊特征是领土上面积巨大的沼泽化。西西伯利亚平原是在沼泽形成和泥炭积累过程广度方面独一无二的地区。其平均沼泽化程度约为50%，而在某些地区（苏尔古特波列西耶、瓦休甘）可达70-75%。\n沼泽形成过程的广泛发展得益于许多地貌和水热因素的结合，其中主要的是地形的平坦性和其具有持续沉降趋势的构造状况（特别是北部和中部地区）、领土排水不良、过度湿润以及热量供应不足。西西伯利亚的沼泽早在早全新世——一万至一万二千年前就已形成。在其现代发展中，可以观察到沼泽化进程日益加剧的趋势，这在泰加林地区的大部分区域尤为明显。如前所述，沼泽景观具有某些地带性特征，在其大型形态发生类型中表现最为清晰。大多数作者在西西伯利亚平原领土上划分出六个沼泽带——多边形沼泽、平坦和大型丘状沼泽、凸起贫营养（泥炭藓）沼泽、平坦富营养（苔草-泥灰藓和森林）沼泽、凹陷富营养（芦苇）沼泽和盐渍化（草本）沼泽。许多沼泽学家、地貌学家和土壤学家的研究已经确定了西西伯利亚平原不同地貌条件下沼泽形成的重要规律，揭示了不同成分岩石上的沼泽化机制，并确定了不同地带和地区沼泽化过程的现代趋势。\n该平原第三个最典型的自然特征是大型河流河谷中河漫滩和冲积层的广泛发育。В.Н.戈罗德科夫写道：“在我们这个时代，西西伯利亚低地北部强烈的沼泽化，连同河谷中广泛泛滥的现象，尤其引起研究人员的注意。”苏联最大的两条河流——鄂毕河及其支流额尔齐斯河——以经向和纬向方向穿越西西伯利亚平原。在它们的河谷中，河漫滩特别发育，由主河道及其众多汊道和临时水道的强烈弯曲的河床水流所形成。鄂毕河和额尔齐斯河河谷和河漫滩的巨大宽度与其古河床的地质活动以及现代河道过程的特点有关。在中游的某些地段，河漫滩宽度可达40-50公里。鄂毕河和额尔齐斯河河漫滩的水文状况非常特殊。这主要与漫长的春夏洪水有关，洪水每年淹没大片河漫滩土地，并导致河漫滩形成巨大的天然泛滥草甸——最宝贵的饲料草场，需要深入研究和客观评估其合理利用的可能性。上述西西伯利亚平原自然的特殊特征在其植被覆盖中充分体现——在其地带-省区特征、地理-成因特征、结构和动态特性中。\n
", "ds_source": "作者（编委会）：В. В.沃罗比约夫, А. В.别洛夫（В. В. Воробьев, А. В. Белов）\n出版社：Издательство «Наука»\n出版地：新西伯利亚\n出版年：1985年\n页数：248页 \n语种：俄文\n馆藏条形码：XJLAS RU 70008586\n
", "ds_process_way": "本书为中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所文献信息中心（以下简称中心）馆藏文献，中心将本书电子化后存储，未经过OCR识别，数据加工过程依据国家标准《GB/T 31219.2-2014图书馆馆藏资源数字化加工规范》，完全遵照《远东地区南部坳陷型地貌结构的古地貌学》的数据信息，未改动删减。\n
", "ds_quality": "对收集到的《西西伯利亚平原植被覆盖》进行电子化加工处理，按照国家标准《GB/T 31219.2-2014图书馆馆藏资源数字化加工规范》要求，未改动删减《西西伯利亚平原植被覆盖》的数据信息，数据质量可靠。\n
", "ds_acq_start_time": "2025-07-11 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2025-07-11 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "苏联", "ds_acq_lon_east": null, "ds_acq_lat_south": null, "ds_acq_lon_west": null, "ds_acq_lat_north": null, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "apply-access", "ds_total_size": 172388887, "ds_files_count": 1, "ds_format": "PDF格式", "ds_space_res": "无", "ds_time_res": "无", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "", "ds_thumbnail": "52f40371-dc92-4688-8732-428b62acd0df.jpg", "ds_thumb_from": 0, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "a5877b42-96ea-4f13-af7e-246f355413d6", "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "170.45" ], "quality_level": 1, "publish_time": "2026-09-17 16:30:17", "first_publish_time": null, "last_updated": "2026-10-08 18:23:51", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": "33110.11.ariddc.02054", "license": null, "extra": null, "files_shape": [ { "name": "20250711001（XJLASRU70008586).pdf", "size": 172388887, "is_dir": false } ], "features": null, "data_level": 0, "i18n": { "en": { "title": "Vegetation cover of the Western Siberian Plain", "ds_abstract": "The West Siberian Plain is a vast region of our country distinguished by its unique natural conditions and serving as the arena of economic activity for hundreds of thousands of people. Its natural potential is enormous, including oil and natural gas reserves, rich forest resources, extensive peat deposits, and valuable forage meadows on the floodplains of the Ob and Irtysh rivers. At present, Western Siberia is a priority area for economic development, particularly in connection with the exploitation of oil and gas fields, the construction of large industrial complexes, and the implementation of projects to divert the flow of Siberian rivers southward. The resolutions of the Twenty-Sixth Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, as well as decisions of the Party and Government regarding the implementation of the national Food Program, assign great importance to the development of the region's natural wealth.\r\n\r\nThe distinctive natural character of the West Siberian Plain is determined by its geological and geomorphological structure, paleogeography, and modern hydrological and climatic processes. Structurally, the plain is a Late Hercynian platform with a folded pre-Jurassic basement. Its modern relief is dominated by extensive accumulative plains composed of unconsolidated Quaternary deposits (sand, sandy loam, and clay), with relative elevations of about 100 meters. These plains occupy all interfluvial areas of central Western Siberia. Only in the south are there low structural-denudational uplands reaching up to 300 meters in height, including the Vasyugan Upland, the Chulym-Yenisei Upland, and the Ob Plateau. In the central Ob region, low-lying glaciofluvial plains are crossed from west to east by a series of glacial ridges, including the Lyulin Vor and the Siberian Uvaly. Erosional landforms are represented by the valley systems of major rivers such as the Ob, Irtysh, Nazym, Pur, and Taz rivers and their numerous tributaries.\r\n\r\nThe climate of the West Siberian Plain is characterized by pronounced continentality. Significant differences in heat and moisture indices exist between its northern and southern regions, reflecting latitudinal variations in solar radiation, precipitation, evaporation, and related factors. Table 1 presents data illustrating some of these differences.\r\n\r\nThe great north-south extent of the West Siberian Plain and the latitudinal variation of heat and moisture conditions result in a very distinct expression of natural zonality across its territory. The flatness of the modern relief further enhances this phenomenon. V. S. Mezentsev and I. V. Karnatsevich distinguished eight hydroclimatic zones within the West Siberian Plain, each characterized by different degrees of moisture and heat availability, which determine the development of specific vegetation and soil types within these zones.\r\n\r\nZonal features are most clearly manifested in the vegetation cover. This was first noted by V. N. Gorodkov, who proposed a detailed subdivision of the forest and tundra vegetation of Western Siberia into subzones. Research conducted by modern geobotanists and forestry specialists has substantially refined and expanded this classification.\r\n\r\nThe zonal classification of soils, landscapes, floodplain vegetation, and wetland landscapes has been studied extensively and supported by abundant empirical data. In general, according to modern physical-geographical regionalization, the territory of the West Siberian Plain is divided into five natural zones: tundra, forest-tundra, forest, forest-steppe, and steppe, together with their corresponding subzones, namely Arctic and typical tundra; northern, middle, and southern taiga; aspen-birch forests; northern and southern forest-steppe; forb-fescue-feather-grass steppe; and arid fescue-feather-grass steppe. Thus, zonality is one of the principal characteristics of the natural environment of the West Siberian Plain and results from the strong influence of thermal and moisture factors acting upon a remarkably level surface.\r\n\r\nAnother distinctive feature of the region is its extensive swampiness. The West Siberian Plain is unparalleled in the scale of bog formation and peat accumulation processes. The average degree of swampiness is about 50%, while in certain areas, such as the Surgut Polesye and the Vasyugan region, it reaches 70-75%.\r\n\r\nThe extensive development of bog-forming processes is attributable to a combination of numerous geomorphological and hydrothermal factors. Chief among these are the flat relief, the tectonic setting characterized by continuing subsidence (particularly in the northern and central regions), poor drainage, excessive moisture, and insufficient heat supply. The bogs of Western Siberia began forming as early as the Early Holocene, approximately 10,000-12,000 years ago. In their present development, an increasing tendency toward further swampification can be observed, especially across much of the taiga zone. As noted above, wetland landscapes exhibit certain zonal features that are expressed most clearly in their major morphogenetic types. Most researchers recognize six bog zones within the West Siberian Plain: polygonal bogs; flat and large hummocky bogs; raised oligotrophic (Sphagnum) bogs; flat eutrophic (sedge-hypnum and forest) bogs; depressed eutrophic (reed) bogs; and saline herbaceous bogs. Studies conducted by numerous peatland scientists, geomorphologists, and soil scientists have identified important regularities in bog development under different geomorphological conditions of the West Siberian Plain, revealed the mechanisms of swampification on rocks of varying composition, and established contemporary trends in bog-forming processes in different zones and regions.\r\n\r\nA third highly characteristic natural feature of the plain is the extensive development of floodplains and alluvial deposits in the valleys of large rivers. V. N. Gorodkov wrote: “In our time, the intense swampification of the northern part of the West Siberian Lowland, together with the widespread inundation of river valleys, particularly attracts the attention of researchers.” The two largest rivers of the Soviet Union, the Ob and its major tributary the Irtysh, traverse the West Siberian Plain in both meridional and latitudinal directions. Within their valleys, floodplains are especially well developed, formed by strongly meandering channel flows of the main river courses, their numerous branches, and temporary channels. The extraordinary width of the valleys and floodplains of the Ob and Irtysh rivers is related both to the geological activity of their ancient channels and to the characteristics of modern channel processes. In some sections of the middle reaches, floodplain width reaches 40-50 kilometers. The hydrological regime of the Ob and Irtysh floodplains is highly distinctive. This is primarily associated with prolonged spring and summer floods that annually inundate vast floodplain areas and create extensive natural flood meadows, which constitute exceptionally valuable forage lands and require thorough study and objective assessment of their rational utilization potential. All of the distinctive natural features of the West Siberian Plain described above are fully reflected in its vegetation cover, including its zonal and provincial characteristics, geographical-genetic features, structural organization, and dynamic properties.", "ds_source": "Author (Editorial Board): Expand.В. Vorobyov, А.В. BelovВ.Воробьев, А.В.Белов）\r\nPublished by: 丨 зда тельство « 丨 аука»\r\nPublished: Novosibirsk\r\nPublication year: 1985\r\nPages: 248 pages \r\nLanguage: Russian\r\nCollection barcode: XJLAS RU 70008586\r\n
", "ds_process_way": "This book is the collection of the Documentation and Information Center of the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Center). The center electronically stores the book without OCR recognition. The data processing process is in accordance with the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Code for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", and fully complies with the data information of \"Paleogeomorphology of Depression Type Geomorphology in the Southern Far East\" without modification or deletion.\r\n
", "ds_quality": "The collected \"Vegetation Coverage of the Western Siberian Plain\" was electronically processed. In accordance with the requirements of the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", the data of \"Vegetation Coverage of the Western Siberian Plain\" were not changed and deleted. Information, the data quality is reliable.\r\n
", "ds_acq_place": "Soviet Union", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_ref_way": "", "ds_format": "PDF format", "ds_projection": "", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_time_res": "" } }, "license_type": null, "doi_reg_from": "reg_local", "cstr_reg_from": "reg_local", "doi_not_reg_reason": null, "cstr_not_reg_reason": null, "is_paper_in_submitting": false, "ds_topic_tags": [ "土壤", "景观", "河漫滩植被", "沼泽", "西西伯利亚平原" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "地理学" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "苏联" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 1985 ], "ds_contributors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_meta_authors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_managers": [ "文献信息中心" ], "category": "图书" }