本书编纂的时代背景可回溯至 1907 年，当年 9 10 月С.С. 涅乌斯特鲁耶夫与А.И. 别科诺夫开启哈萨克斯坦领土范围内系统性土壤地理考察，沿着当时规划的突厥斯坦 西伯利亚铁路，从塞米巴拉金斯克到韦尔内（今阿拉木图）开展土壤勘查，标志该国现代土壤科学正式起步。此后多年，大批科研人员持续投身哈萨克斯坦土壤覆盖层调查，积累大量实地考察资料，为后续学科发展筑牢根基。编者在序言中指出，土壤科学的发展不单单是人物事迹的集合，更重要的是梳理思想、假说、理论、研究方法的演进脉络，因此本书的核心定位，不只是人物生平的简单记述，更是借由科研人员的个体经历，还原哈萨克斯坦土壤科学思想、研究方向、理论范式的形成与演变全过程。书中收录的对象，既包含一线土壤科研工作者，也涵盖土壤调查事业的组织管理者，既记录学者个人学术贡献，也呈现其主导或参与产出的重大科研著作，完整呈现学科发展的人力图景。\n哈萨克斯坦土壤学科的发展历程跌宕起伏，受俄罗斯、苏联时期社会经济、政治环境深刻影响，学科发展节奏不均衡。二十世纪 70 80 年代初期迎来土壤科学发展鼎盛阶段：《哈萨克苏维埃社会主义共和国土壤》丛书共计 14 卷陆续问世，大量土壤学专著出版，比例尺 1:2 500 000 的哈萨克斯坦全国土壤图编制印刷完成，全国开展大规模土壤过程综合研究。当时哈萨克苏维埃社会主义共和国科学院土壤研究所荣获劳动红旗勋章，众多科研人员获得全苏国民经济成就展览会奖章，以В.М. 博罗夫斯基院士为首的科研团队斩获哈萨克苏维埃社会主义共和国国家奖，代表苏联时期哈萨克斯坦土壤研究达到历史高峰。然而进入 20 世纪 90 年代至 21 世纪初，苏联解体给土壤科学带来严峻冲击，基础科研经费大幅缩减，高校土壤学教研室遭到裁撤或者与其他专业合并；哈萨克斯坦教育科学部取消独立的 “土壤学” 专业，将其强行归入 “农业化学” 门类，青年科研人才补充不足，科研代际传承链条出现断裂。同时行政层面出现不合理调整，政府曾计划将土壤研究所搬迁至阿克莫拉州肖尔坦德镇，经过机构管理层与学界社会力量多方抗争才撤销该决议，但科研机构已经为此消耗大量时间精力。此外科研机构隶属关系多次变更：1945 年成立的哈萨克苏维埃社会主义共和国科学院土壤研究所，2003 年改制为乌・乌・乌斯帕诺夫土壤研究所分所，归属哈萨克斯坦农业部下属的А.И. 巴拉耶夫农业生产联合体；2006 年 10 月再度改制，成为哈萨克斯坦农业部下属乌・乌・乌斯帕诺夫土壤与农业化学研究中心国有子企业。机构名称、隶属关系频繁变动，给学科稳定发展带来诸多阻碍，这些现实困境，也成为本书编撰出版的重要现实动因。\n由于哈萨克斯坦此前并无同类汇编著作，本书编撰团队搜集整合俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦公开出版文献、档案资料，同时大量参考学者本人著作、私人信件等一手素材，尽可能还原各位土壤学家的科研轨迹，也客观承认受史料条件限制，书中难免存在疏漏与不足，期待学界后续补充完善。全书内容兼顾历史回顾与当代现实，既还原沙俄晚期、苏联各个阶段土壤考察的开拓历程，也记录独立之后哈萨克斯坦土壤科学面临的挑战，展现土壤学科多元的研究面貌。编者希望这部人物传记手册能够唤醒学界对本土土壤科学历史的重视，为当代土壤科研工作者提供参考，激励新一代研究者，助力哈萨克斯坦土壤科学重获往日学术荣光。本书将全部编撰工作献给哈萨克斯坦土壤科学百年纪念，既是对历代土壤研究者的致敬，也为中亚区域土壤学史研究留存一份珍贵的原始文献。\n
", "ds_source": "作者（编委会）：А. А. 瑙缅科（А. А. Науменко），Н. А. 阿尔腾别科娃（Н. А. Алтынбекова），С. К. 希尔德巴耶娃（С. К. Шилдебаева）\n出版社：Издательство “Кітап”\n出版地：阿拉木图\n出版年：2007年\n页数：304页\n语种：俄文\nISBN号：9965-21-496-4\n馆藏条形码：XJLASRU70009118\n
", "ds_process_way": "本书为中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所文献信息中心（以下简称中心）馆藏文献，中心将本书电子化后存储，未完成OCR识别，数据加工过程依据国家标准《GB/T 31219.2-2014图书馆馆藏资源数字化加工规范》，完全遵照《哈萨克斯坦自然土壤研究者-传记参考手册》的数据信息，未改动删减。\n
", "ds_quality": "对收集到的《哈萨克斯坦自然土壤研究者-传记参考手册》进行电子化加工处理，按照国家标准《GB/T 31219.2-2014图书馆馆藏资源数字化加工规范》要求，未改动删减《哈萨克斯坦自然土壤研究者-传记参考手册》的数据信息，数据质量可靠。\n
\n", "ds_acq_start_time": "2025-06-30 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2025-06-30 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "哈萨克斯坦，中亚", "ds_acq_lon_east": null, "ds_acq_lat_south": null, "ds_acq_lon_west": null, "ds_acq_lat_north": null, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "apply-access", "ds_total_size": 60991485, "ds_files_count": 1, "ds_format": "PDF格式", "ds_space_res": "无", "ds_time_res": "无", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "", "ds_thumbnail": "4a8d1c43-861a-46a5-807a-ed469ebdc59c.jpg", "ds_thumb_from": 0, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "a5877b42-96ea-4f13-af7e-246f355413d6", "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "210.50" ], "quality_level": 1, "publish_time": "2026-09-17 13:38:44", "first_publish_time": null, "last_updated": "2026-10-08 11:58:30", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": "33110.11.ariddc.02033", "license": null, "extra": null, "files_shape": [ { "name": "20250630003(XJLASRU70009118)PDF.pdf", "size": 60991485, "is_dir": false } ], "features": null, "data_level": 0, "i18n": { "en": { "title": "Natural soil researchers in Kazakhstan-Biographical reference manual", "ds_abstract": "The historical background to the compilation of this book can be traced back to 1907. In September and October of that year, S.S. Neustruyev and A.I. Bekonov initiated systematic soil-geographical investigations within the territory of Kazakhstan. Following the route of the planned Turkestan-Siberian Railway, they conducted soil surveys from Semipalatinsk to Verny (present-day Almaty), marking the formal beginning of modern soil science in the country. Over the following years, large numbers of researchers continuously devoted themselves to investigations of Kazakhstan's soil cover, accumulating extensive field data and laying a solid foundation for the subsequent development of the discipline. As the editors note in the preface, the history of soil science is not merely a collection of personal biographies; more importantly, it involves tracing the evolution of ideas, hypotheses, theories, and research methods. Therefore, the book is not simply a record of individual lives. Through the experiences of researchers, it seeks to reconstruct the entire process through which the scientific ideas, research directions, and theoretical paradigms of Kazakh soil science emerged and evolved. The volume includes not only front-line soil researchers but also organizers and administrators of soil survey programs. It records both individual scholarly contributions and the major scientific works that these individuals led or helped produce, thereby presenting a comprehensive picture of the human resources behind the development of the discipline.\r\n\r\nThe development of soil science in Kazakhstan has been marked by significant fluctuations and has been deeply influenced by the socioeconomic and political environments of both the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. As a result, the pace of disciplinary development was uneven. The field reached its peak during the 1970s and early 1980s. During this period, the fourteen-volume series Soils of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic was published, numerous monographs on soil science appeared, a national soil map of Kazakhstan at a scale of 1:2,500,000 was compiled and printed, and large-scale integrated studies of soil processes were carried out nationwide. At that time, the Institute of Soil Science of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. Many researchers received medals from the Exhibition of Achievements of the National Economy of the USSR, while a research team led by Academician V.M. Borovsky won the State Prize of the Kazakh SSR. These achievements represented the historical peak of soil research in Kazakhstan during the Soviet period. However, from the 1990s through the early twenty-first century, the collapse of the Soviet Union dealt a severe blow to soil science. Funding for basic research was drastically reduced, university soil science departments were abolished or merged with other disciplines, and the Ministry of Education and Science of Kazakhstan eliminated the independent specialization of “Soil Science,” forcibly incorporating it into the field of “Agrochemistry.” As a consequence, the influx of young researchers declined, and the chain of intergenerational scientific succession was disrupted. At the administrative level, a number of questionable decisions were also made. The government once planned to relocate the Soil Institute to the village of Shortandy in Akmola Region. The decision was ultimately revoked only after sustained resistance from the institute’s leadership and the broader academic community, although the institution had already expended considerable time and effort in the process. In addition, the institutional affiliation of the research organization changed repeatedly. The Institute of Soil Science of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR, established in 1945, was reorganized in 2003 into a branch of the U.U. Uspanov Soil Research Institute and placed under the A.I. Baraev Agricultural Production Association of the Ministry of Agriculture of Kazakhstan. In October 2006, it was reorganized once again as the state subsidiary enterprise known as the U.U. Uspanov Research Center for Soil Science and Agrochemistry under the Ministry of Agriculture of Kazakhstan. These frequent changes in institutional names and administrative affiliations created numerous obstacles to the stable development of the discipline. Such practical difficulties also became an important motivation for the compilation and publication of this book.\r\n\r\nAs no comparable biographical reference work had previously existed in Kazakhstan, the editorial team collected and integrated published literature and archival materials from both Russia and Kazakhstan. They also made extensive use of primary sources, including scholars’ own publications and private correspondence, in an effort to reconstruct the research trajectories of individual soil scientists as accurately as possible. At the same time, they openly acknowledge that limitations in available historical sources may have resulted in omissions or inaccuracies and express the hope that future scholars will supplement and refine this work. The book combines historical retrospection with contemporary realities. It recounts the pioneering stages of soil exploration during the late Russian imperial period and the various phases of the Soviet era, while also documenting the challenges faced by Kazakh soil science after independence. In doing so, it presents the diverse research landscape of the discipline. The editors hope that this biographical handbook will encourage greater appreciation of the history of domestic soil science, provide a useful reference for contemporary soil researchers, inspire a new generation of scholars, and help restore the former academic prestige of soil science in Kazakhstan. The entire work is dedicated to the centennial commemoration of soil science in Kazakhstan. It serves both as a tribute to generations of soil researchers and as a valuable primary source for future studies on the history of soil science in Central Asia.", "ds_source": "Author (Editorial Board): А.А. Naomenko (А.А.Науменко），Н.А. Altenbekova (Un.А.Алтынбекова），С.К. HilbayevaК.Шилдебаева）\r\nPublished by: А зда тельство \"К ы т ап\"\r\nPublished: Almaty\r\nPublication year: 2007\r\nPages: 304 pages\r\nLanguage: Russian\r\nISBN No.: 9965-21-496-4\r\nCollection barcode: XJLASRU70009118\r\n
", "ds_process_way": "This book is the collection of the Documentation and Information Center of the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Center). The center stored the book electronically without completing OCR recognition. The data processing process is in accordance with the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Library Collection Resources Digital Processing Specifications\", fully complying with the data information of the \"Kazakhstan Natural Soil Researchers-Biographical Reference Manual\", without modification and deletion.\r\n
", "ds_quality": "The collected \"Kazakhstan Natural Soil Researchers-Biographical Reference Manual\" was electronically processed. In accordance with the requirements of the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Code for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources,\" the data information of \"Kazakhstan Natural Soil Researchers-Biographical Reference Manual\" was not changed and deleted, and the data quality was reliable.\r\n", "ds_acq_place": "Kazakhstan, Central Asia", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_ref_way": "", "ds_format": "PDF format", "ds_projection": "", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_time_res": "" } }, "license_type": null, "doi_reg_from": "reg_local", "cstr_reg_from": "reg_local", "doi_not_reg_reason": null, "cstr_not_reg_reason": null, "is_paper_in_submitting": false, "ds_topic_tags": [ "农业", "土壤" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "土壤学" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "哈萨克斯坦，中亚" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 ], "ds_contributors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_meta_authors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_managers": [ "文献信息中心" ], "category": "图书" }