东哈萨克斯坦——古老民族的久居之地，是一片美丽而富饶的土地。它像一只展翅欲飞的雄鹰，在我们共和国的东北部辽阔地伸展着，傲然屹立。它肥沃的土壤、如带般蜿蜒的河流与湖泊、广袤无垠的牧场、丰富的金属矿产、取之不尽的森林资源以及繁多的狩猎动物和鱼类，自古以来就吸引着人们的兴趣，令人心驰神往。\n东哈萨克斯坦州在自然气候方面是欧亚大陆罕见的独特区域。在这一地区，草原、半荒漠以及山地森林地貌并存。共和国一半以上的动植物资源都分布于此。这里汇聚了著名的阿尔泰山、萨吾尔-赛坎山和塔尔巴哈台山山脉。纳伦河与布赫塔尔马河的河谷被认为贯穿“地球的金色脊梁”。不过，确实每个人都会觉得自己的家乡就是世界的中心。\n1885年曾到访此地的美国记者乔治·肯南曾这样描述这片土地：“我们穿行在牧草丰美的凉爽高山草甸上……我们头顶是高耸的终年积雪的山峰……从额尔齐斯河沿岸炎热干旱的非洲式荒漠突然来到这片神奇的巨大土地，给我们留下了令人惊叹的印象。我不禁产生了这样的疑问：这是旋风卷起流沙的炽热沙漠闯入了我的梦境……还是大自然真的能在短短一昼夜之间发生如此巨大的变化？……我曾穿越内华达山脉、尼加拉瓜的所有山脊、堪察加和高加索，但从未见过在宁静、美丽、雄伟和秀丽方面能与这里相媲美的高山景观。”\n沿俄罗斯边界延伸着利斯特维亚加山和霍尔尊山山脉，而洁白如新娘般的穆兹套山（4506米）在这些山脉中显得鹤立鸡群。从它们分出伊万诺夫山、乌利巴山和乌巴山。这些山脉的大部分覆盖着茂密的森林，而顶峰则被永恒不化的冰雪所环绕。这些山脉位于北半球的分水岭上。河流从它们的一侧流向印度洋，从另一侧流向北冰洋。\n白雪皑皑的高山隘口为这片地区增添了独特的色彩。整个空间都铺满了五颜六色、芳香四溢的花朵。一道道细细的溪流汇聚成一条条小河，它们咆哮着向天空喷溅白色泡沫，轰鸣声响彻整个峡谷，然后向低处奔泻而去。从白色泡沫中散发出阵阵冷气。在晴朗的日子里，可以在轰鸣的瀑布上方看到彩虹弯弯如弓。耸立在寒冷峰顶之上的天空世界也是纯净而威严。这绿色与蓝色的变幻，与雄伟的石头诗歌的结合，其中隐藏着多少令人惊叹的神奇奥秘啊！\n大自然母亲亲手创造的花岗岩雕塑也具有一种神秘的吸引力。近看时，它们只是花岗岩岩石的裂缝。但稍微走远一些，展开你的想象力，你会感觉到石头仿佛有了生命。喏，这一座山仿佛让人联想到某个神秘的人物或一位忧郁的青年，而稍远处，一峰双峰的骆驼和它旁边全副武装的巨人战士的花岗岩雕塑正隐隐约约地矗立着。\n对于懂得倾听和理解的人来说，即使是石头，也有很多话要说。人类的想象将这里变成了无数传说和神奇故事的发生地。在这里还发现了青铜时代的遗迹，以及斯基泰-塞种时代、塔斯曼人、基马克人和钦察人文化的标志。\n山系被宽阔的山间洼地所分隔。其中最大的是斋桑洼地和阿拉湖洼地，它们被针叶林覆盖的山脉、岩石堆积、峭壁、巨大的草场和冻原所环绕。再往上，就只有冰雪了。向西绵延着巨大的塔尔巴哈台山，有着茂密的杨树和桦树河滩林。西边的一些小丘陵也与该州的南部边界相连，该边界为拥有阿拉湖、萨瑟克湖和巴尔喀什湖的阿拉湖洼地。\n东哈萨克斯坦是森林地区。在许多地方也有荆棘丛生、密不透风的金雀花灌木丛和柳杨林。毡毯般交织的各类野草、浆果和蘑菇、松子、大量的毛皮动物和飞禽，都令当地居民喜不自禁。\n
", "ds_source": "作者（编委会）：Б.В. 谢尔巴科夫, А. 基姆萨科夫, Ю.К. 津琴科, Г.А. 沃洛金娜, А.М. 尤尔琴科夫（Б.В. Щербаков, А. Кимсаков, Ю.К. Зинченко, Г.А. Володина, А.М. Юрченков）\n出版社：未知\n出版地：阿拉木图\n出版年：2002年\n页数：304页 \n语种：俄文\n馆藏条形码：65004 RB 1000625\n
", "ds_process_way": "本书为中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所文献信息中心（以下简称中心）馆藏文献，中心将本书电子化后存储，已经过OCR识别，数据加工过程依据国家标准《GB/T 31219.2-2014图书馆馆藏资源数字化加工规范》，完全遵照《东哈萨克斯坦》的数据信息，未改动删减。\n
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", "ds_acq_start_time": "2025-06-01 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2025-06-01 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "哈萨克斯坦共和国", "ds_acq_lon_east": null, "ds_acq_lat_south": null, "ds_acq_lon_west": null, "ds_acq_lat_north": null, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "apply-access", "ds_total_size": 158119909, "ds_files_count": 1, "ds_format": "PDF格式", "ds_space_res": "无", "ds_time_res": "无", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "", "ds_thumbnail": "4a24fb96-075c-41a4-a34c-2101d8a215ac.jpg", "ds_thumb_from": 0, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "a5877b42-96ea-4f13-af7e-246f355413d6", "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "170.4510" ], "quality_level": 1, "publish_time": "2026-09-21 12:19:08", "first_publish_time": null, "last_updated": "2026-09-21 12:19:08", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": "33110.11.ariddc.01573", "license": null, "extra": null, "files_shape": [ { "name": "20250601701(65004RB1000625).pdf", "size": 158119909, "is_dir": false } ], "features": null, "data_level": 0, "i18n": { "en": { "title": "East Kazakhstan", "ds_abstract": "East Kazakhstan, an ancient homeland of long-settled peoples, is a beautiful and fertile land. Like a mighty eagle poised to take flight, it stretches proudly across the vast northeastern expanse of our republic. Its fertile soil, ribbon-like winding rivers and lakes, boundless pastures, rich metal deposits, inexhaustible forest resources, and abundant wildlife and fish have attracted human interest since ancient times and inspired endless admiration.\r\n\r\nEast Kazakhstan Region is a unique natural and climatic area rarely found on the Eurasian continent. Here, steppes, semi-deserts, and mountain forests coexist within a single region. More than half of the republic's flora and fauna resources are concentrated here. The famous Altai Mountains, Saur-Saykan Range, and Tarbagatai Mountains all converge in this land. The valleys of the Naryn and Bukhtarma Rivers are regarded as running through the “golden backbone of the Earth.” Yet, indeed, everyone tends to regard their homeland as the center of the world.\r\n\r\nThe American journalist George Kennan, who visited the region in 1885, described it in the following way:\r\n\r\n“We traveled across cool alpine meadows rich with pasture grasses... Above us rose towering mountains crowned with perpetual snow... To arrive suddenly from the hot, arid, African-like deserts along the Irtysh River into this vast and wondrous land left us deeply astonished. I could not help asking myself: Had the scorching desert, with its whirlwinds driving clouds of sand, somehow entered my dreams? Or can nature truly undergo such an extraordinary transformation within a single day and night? ... I have crossed the Sierra Nevada, traversed every mountain ridge of Nicaragua, and traveled through Kamchatka and the Caucasus, yet I have never seen mountain scenery that could rival this place in serenity, beauty, grandeur, and grace.”\r\n\r\nStretching along the Russian border are the Listvyaga and Kholzun mountain ranges, among which the snow-white Mount Muztau (4,506 meters), pure as a bride, stands out prominently. From these ranges branch off Mount Ivanov, Mount Ulba, and Mount Uba. Most of these mountains are covered with dense forests, while their summits are encircled by eternal snow and ice. These ranges lie along a watershed of the Northern Hemisphere. Rivers on one side flow toward the Indian Ocean, while those on the other side eventually reach the Arctic Ocean.\r\n\r\nSnow-covered mountain passes lend a distinctive charm to this region. The landscape is carpeted with colorful, fragrant flowers. Countless tiny streams gather into rushing brooks, roaring downward, hurling white foam into the air, their thunderous sound echoing throughout the gorges before cascading into the valleys below. Waves of cool air rise from the white spray. On clear days, one can see rainbow arches spanning above the roaring waterfalls. The realm of sky above the icy peaks is equally pure and majestic. In the interplay of green and blue, combined with the grandeur of this stony poetry, how many astonishing mysteries lie concealed!\r\n\r\nThe granite sculptures fashioned by Mother Nature herself also possess a mysterious allure. Viewed up close, they appear to be nothing more than cracks in granite cliffs. But step back a little and allow your imagination to unfold, and the stones seem to come alive. This mountain may evoke the image of a mysterious figure or a melancholy young man, while farther away, a two-humped camel and a fully armed giant warrior seem to stand faintly carved in granite.\r\n\r\nFor those who know how to listen and understand, even stones have much to say. Human imagination has transformed this land into the setting of countless legends and magical tales. Archaeological remains from the Bronze Age have been discovered here, along with traces of Scythian-Saka culture and the cultures of the Tasman, Kimak, and Kipchak peoples.\r\n\r\nThe mountain systems are separated by broad intermontane basins. The largest are the Zaysan Basin and the Alakol Basin, surrounded by conifer-covered mountains, rock formations, steep cliffs, vast meadows, and tundra. Higher still, there is nothing but snow and ice. To the west stretches the massive Tarbagatai Range, adorned with dense poplar and birch riverine forests. Some western foothills also connect with the region's southern boundary, which adjoins the Alakol Depression, home to Lakes Alakol, Sasykkol, and Balkhash.\r\n\r\nEast Kazakhstan is a land of forests. In many places there are also impenetrable thickets of thorny shrubs and willow-poplar groves. The rich tapestry of wild grasses, berries, mushrooms, pine nuts, abundant fur-bearing animals, and countless birds brings great joy to the local inhabitants.", "ds_source": "Author (Editorial Board): BB.В. Sherbakov, А. Kimsakov,.К. Zinchenko, 丨.А. Volokina, А.М. YurchenkovВ.Щербаков, А.Кимсаков, Ю.К.Зинченко, Г.А.Володина, А.М.Юрченков）\r\nPublishing House: Unknown\r\nPublished: Almaty\r\nPublication year: 2002\r\nPages: 304 pages \r\nLanguage: Russian\r\nCollection barcode: 65004 RB 1000625\r\n
", "ds_process_way": "This book is the collection of the Document Information Center of the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Center). The center has stored the book electronically and has been recognized by OCR. The data processing process is in accordance with the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\" and fully complies with the data information of \"East Kazakhstan\" without changes or deletions.\r\n
", "ds_quality": "The collected \"East Kazakhstan\" was processed electronically. In accordance with the requirements of the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources,\" the data information of \"East Kazakhstan\" was not changed and deleted, and the data quality was reliable.\r\n
", "ds_acq_place": "Republic of Kazakhstan", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_ref_way": "", "ds_format": "PDF format", "ds_projection": "", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_time_res": "" } }, "license_type": null, "doi_reg_from": "reg_local", "cstr_reg_from": "reg_local", "doi_not_reg_reason": null, "cstr_not_reg_reason": null, "is_paper_in_submitting": false, "ds_topic_tags": [ "自然地理", "东哈萨克斯坦" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "自然地理学" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "哈萨克斯坦共和国" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 2002 ], "ds_contributors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_meta_authors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_managers": [ "文献信息中心" ], "category": "图书" }