近年来，苏联自然地理学界对自然地理区划问题的兴趣急剧增强。这种兴趣绝非偶然。研究我国广阔而多样化的领土上自然条件的地域差异，揭示其中具有特定规律性结构的完整自然地理综合体（它们既在自然资源方面彼此不同，也在开发条件上各有差异），这或许是自然地理学最重要的科学和实践任务之一。\n在合乎逻辑的原则基础上制定的有科学依据的区划，是总结地区地理研究成果最合理的形式之一。根据目前公认的观点，自然地理区划是某一地区在特定研究阶段完成的标志。同时，区划工作也是自然地理研究成果中最易于为广大实践工作者接受和理解的成果形式。\n完全自然的是，了解地理差异的特殊性和自然地理综合体空间分布的规律性，对于幅员辽阔的国家尤其重要，因为在这些国家中，地理差异尤为显著，并对居民经济活动特点和各部门布局产生重大影响。\n因此，俄国地理学家在区划问题上比外国研究者研究得更多、更有成效、更认真，也就毫不奇怪了。在长达一个半世纪的历程中，区划思想如同红线贯穿俄国地理学家的许多经典著作，逐渐完善并日益成熟。Б.А.瓦里斯卡娅在这方面是完全正确的（《地理学问题》第17辑，1950年，第139页），她指出：“我国地理学史在很大程度上就是其区划史”。\n本文集主要致力于综述苏联领土自然地理区划的已发表材料（截至1956年）。这样的综述意义在于，它能够分析我国各大区域在揭示其自然差异方面的研究现状，同时阐明其自然地理区划的主要问题及近期需要解决的任务。这一切在当前尤其具有现实意义，因为我国大多数大学的地理团队目前正围绕为农业远景规划服务的苏联自然地理区划问题开展大量工作。\n本文集按苏联的以下各大区域进行材料综述：俄罗斯平原、乌拉尔、西伯利亚、哈萨克斯坦、中亚、高加索、远东——这也是主要文章所论述的内容。大多数文章描述并分析了综合自然地理区划以及部门性（分支）自然区划（构造、地貌、气候、水文、土壤、植物地理、动物地理）的材料。文中评述了涉及整个区域的著作，以及某些地区的一些著作（最重要的、在某方面有意义的或具有典型性的）。唯一的例外是Н.А.索尔恩采夫关于俄罗斯平原和М.А.格拉佐夫斯卡娅关于哈萨克斯坦的文章，其中只分析了综合自然地理区划方案，并且主要针对那些涵盖苏联上述大型地区的方案。\n编辑部认为，在Н.А.索尔恩采夫的文章中，最后两个部分对所讨论问题的阐述不够客观，在许多方面颇有争议。但编辑部认为有必要全文发表Н.А.索尔恩采夫的文章，不破坏其完整性，以便今后能进一步讨论Н.А.索尔恩采夫关于俄罗斯平原区划问题的观点。\n文集末尾刊载了几篇与苏联自然地理区划问题直接相关的小文章和短评。部分地图插图因技术原因附于书末（见插页）。\n
", "ds_source": "作者（编委会）：Н.А.格沃兹杰茨基, Н.И.米哈伊洛夫（Н.А. Гвоздецкий, Н.И. Михайлов）\n出版社：Издательство Московского университета\n出版地：莫斯科\n出版年：1960年\n页数：285页 \n语种：俄文\n馆藏条形码：XJLAS RU 70001880\n
", "ds_process_way": "本书为中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所文献信息中心（以下简称中心）馆藏文献，中心将本书电子化后存储，已经过OCR识别，数据加工过程依据国家标准《GB/T 31219.2-2014图书馆馆藏资源数字化加工规范》，完全遵照《苏联自然地理区划》的数据信息，未改动删减。\n
", "ds_quality": "对收集到的《苏联自然地理区划》进行电子化加工处理，按照国家标准《GB/T 31219.2-2014图书馆馆藏资源数字化加工规范》要求，未改动删减《苏联自然地理区划》的数据信息，数据质量可靠。\n
", "ds_acq_start_time": "2025-07-07 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2025-07-07 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "苏联", "ds_acq_lon_east": null, "ds_acq_lat_south": null, "ds_acq_lon_west": null, "ds_acq_lat_north": null, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "apply-access", "ds_total_size": 43325933, "ds_files_count": 1, "ds_format": "PDF格式", "ds_space_res": "无", "ds_time_res": "无", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "无", "ds_thumbnail": "403a8758-7596-4127-b4fe-d28655391c15.jpg", "ds_thumb_from": 0, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "a5877b42-96ea-4f13-af7e-246f355413d6", "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "170.4510" ], "quality_level": 1, "publish_time": "2026-09-18 17:37:08", "first_publish_time": null, "last_updated": "2026-09-18 17:37:08", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": "33110.11.ariddc.01811", "license": null, "extra": null, "files_shape": [ { "name": "20250707002((XJLASRU70001880).pdf", "size": 43325933, "is_dir": false } ], "features": null, "data_level": 0, "i18n": { "en": { "title": "", "ds_abstract": "This book is a comprehensive academic work on the prevention and control of salinization of irrigated soil in the Soviet Union. It systematically discusses the characteristics of salinization of different types of oases and its prevention and control measures. The book consists of parts four to six: the fourth part is divided into irrigation oasis types (Coastal delta, arid continental delta, alluvial plain) The salt accumulation laws and typical areas are described respectively Prevention and control practices (Amu Darya Delta, Kura-Araks Lowland, Fergana Valley, Hungry Grassland, Volga River Basin, etc.); Part 5 examines the effects of salt on crop water status, mineral nutrition, photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism and yield structure, and discusses methods to improve crop salt tolerance; The sixth part proposes a comprehensive prevention and control measure system including water balance regulation, salt balance management, drainage system construction and soil flushing from two dimensions: the system level and the farm level. The book pays equal attention to theory and practice, and has important reference value for soil improvement and sustainable agricultural development in arid and semi-arid irrigation areas.\r\n
", "ds_source": "Author (Editorial Board): Un.А. Gwozdetsky, Un.И. Mikhailov (Un.А.Гвоздецкий, Н.И.Михайлов）\r\nPublished by: 丨 зда т ельс т в о Мо с к о в с к ого уни в ерс и т е т а\r\nPublished: Moscow\r\nPublication year: 1960\r\nPages: 285 pages \r\nLanguage: Russian\r\nCollection barcode: XJLAS RU 70001880\r\n
", "ds_process_way": "This book is the collection of the Documentation and Information Center of the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Center). The center has stored the book electronically and has been recognized by OCR. The data processing process is in accordance with the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\" and fully complies with the data information of the \"Physical Geographical Division of the Soviet Union\" without modification or deletion.\r\n
", "ds_quality": "The collected \"Natural Geographical Divisions of the Soviet Union\" were processed electronically. In accordance with the requirements of the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", the data information of the \"Natural Geographical Divisions of the Soviet Union\" was not changed and deleted. The data quality is reliable.\r\n
", "ds_acq_place": "Soviet Union", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_ref_way": "", "ds_format": "PDF format", "ds_projection": "no", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_time_res": "" } }, "license_type": null, "doi_reg_from": "reg_local", "cstr_reg_from": "reg_local", "doi_not_reg_reason": null, "cstr_not_reg_reason": null, "is_paper_in_submitting": false, "ds_topic_tags": [ "动物地理", "土壤", "地貌", "植物地理", "气候", "水文", "构造" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "自然地理学" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "苏联" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 1960 ], "ds_contributors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_meta_authors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_managers": [ "文献信息中心" ], "category": "图书" }