塔里木盆地是亚洲中部的一个巨型洼地。这个中华人民共和国新疆维吾尔自治区的南部地区长期以来吸引着科学家的关注。该盆地的内陆位置以及被天山、帕米尔和昆仑山等最高山脉所隔绝的深度地理封闭性，决定了这片广阔沙漠地带的极端干旱，其独特而不可复制的自然使得研究任务既诱人又令人神往。但盆地内部被一望无际的塔克拉玛干沙漠占据，周围环绕着最高的山脉，难以进入，这导致中国这一地区的研究程度很低。\n1959年，中华人民共和国科学院新疆综合考察队对塔里木盆地和昆仑山进行了研究，继续了自1956年开始的旨在为该地区荒漠平原农业开发而研究新疆自然条件和资源的工作。在这支有苏联科学家参加的考察队中，得以完成了一系列有趣的路线考察。这使得有可能重新认识塔里木盆地南部的自然条件。考察队中有不同专业的科学家：水文学家、地貌学家、水文地质学家、植物学家、土壤学家、土壤改良专家、昆虫学家、农学家、经济学家。在新疆综合考察队之前，从未有这么多不同专业的自然科学工作者在昆仑山共同工作。因此，中华人民共和国科学院在该国最西部进行的研究，在一定程度上填补了亚洲中部地图上的“空白”。此前几年的工作已部分反映在1959年和1960年于北京和莫斯科以中文和俄文出版的《新疆的自然条件》论文集中。本论文集收录的文章是根据考察队1959年野外工作期间收集的材料完成的。其中主要关注地形构造与成因、水文特征、土壤植被覆盖规律、塔里木盆地荒漠景观技术等问题。所发表的材料是中华人民共和国和苏联科学家合作的成果。\n在苏联科学院工作人员的文章中，还收录了中国学者周自若和赵骥的论文，该文致力于分析亚洲中部现代地理学中最有趣的问题——塔里木河的迁徙，塔里木河是南疆地区最大的河流。作者根据对塔里木河的实地调查以及对中国历史编年史的研究结果，成功地追溯了该河在几个世纪以来因在冲积平原上不断改道而发生的变化。希望新疆综合考察队的著作出版不会止步于这本文集。它应该以考察队的最终系列著作作为结束。其中一些著作计划也用俄文发表。这将为苏联科学家提供中亚和亚洲中部自然地理的大量对比材料，并使他们能够清晰地了解整个亚洲沙漠从西部的里海到东部的黄河的完整面貌。\n
", "ds_source": "作者（编委会）：中国科学院西比贾斯卡亚综合考察队（Сибирско-Китайская Экспедиция Ан Кнр）\n出版社：Издательство Академии наук СССР\n出版地：莫斯科\n出版年：1961年\n页数：211页 \n语种：俄文\n馆藏条形码：XJLAS RU 70000300\n
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", "ds_acq_start_time": "2025-07-10 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2025-07-10 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "中国", "ds_acq_lon_east": null, "ds_acq_lat_south": null, "ds_acq_lon_west": null, "ds_acq_lat_north": null, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "apply-access", "ds_total_size": 90840669, "ds_files_count": 1, "ds_format": "PDF格式", "ds_space_res": "无", "ds_time_res": "无", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "", "ds_thumbnail": "3ece5fbf-113f-491a-bdb3-cd03028c4aa1.jpg", "ds_thumb_from": 2, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "a5877b42-96ea-4f13-af7e-246f355413d6", "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "170.4510" ], "quality_level": 1, "publish_time": "2026-09-17 16:29:22", "first_publish_time": null, "last_updated": "2026-10-08 18:21:50", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": "33110.11.ariddc.02052", "license": null, "extra": null, "files_shape": [ { "name": "20250710004(XJLASRU70000300).pdf", "size": 90840669, "is_dir": false } ], "features": null, "data_level": 0, "i18n": { "en": { "title": "Outline of the Natural Environment of Kunlun Mountains and Tarim", "ds_abstract": "The Tarim Basin is a gigantic depression in Central Asia. This southern region of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China has long attracted the attention of scientists. The basin's inland position and its profound geographical isolation, enclosed by the highest mountain ranges such as the Tianshan, Pamirs, and Kunlun Mountains, have determined the extreme aridity of this vast desert region. Its unique and incomparable natural environment makes scientific investigation both attractive and fascinating. However, the basin is occupied internally by the endless Taklamakan Desert and surrounded by lofty mountain ranges, making access extremely difficult. As a result, this region of China has remained relatively poorly studied.\r\n\r\nIn 1959, the Xinjiang Comprehensive Expedition of the Academy of Sciences of the People's Republic of China carried out investigations in the Tarim Basin and the Kunlun Mountains, continuing the work begun in 1956 to study the natural conditions and resources of Xinjiang for the agricultural development of the desert plains of the region. With the participation of Soviet scientists, the expedition succeeded in conducting a series of interesting route surveys. These investigations made it possible to gain a new understanding of the natural conditions of the southern Tarim Basin. The expedition included specialists from many disciplines: hydrologists, geomorphologists, hydrogeologists, botanists, soil scientists, land-reclamation specialists, entomologists, agronomists, and economists. Prior to the Xinjiang Comprehensive Expedition, never before had so many natural scientists of different specialties worked together in the Kunlun Mountains. Consequently, the studies carried out by the Academy of Sciences of the People's Republic of China in the country's far western regions helped, to some extent, fill one of the “blank spots” on the map of Central Asia. The results of earlier years of work were partially reflected in the collections of papers entitled Natural Conditions of Xinjiang, published in Chinese and Russian in Beijing and Moscow in 1959 and 1960. The articles included in the present volume were prepared on the basis of materials collected during the expedition's 1959 field season. They focus primarily on questions of geomorphological structure and genesis, hydrological characteristics, patterns of soil and vegetation cover, and the techniques and features of desert landscapes in the Tarim Basin. The materials presented here are the result of cooperation between Chinese and Soviet scientists.\r\n\r\nIn addition to articles written by members of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, this volume also includes a paper by the Chinese scholars Zhou Ziruo and Zhao Ji. Their study is devoted to one of the most interesting problems in the modern geography of Central Asia: the migration of the Tarim River, the largest river in southern Xinjiang. On the basis of field investigations of the Tarim River and studies of Chinese historical chronicles, the authors successfully traced the changes that the river has undergone over many centuries as a result of repeated shifts in its course across the alluvial plain. It is hoped that the publication of the works of the Xinjiang Comprehensive Expedition will not end with this volume. It should be concluded with the expedition's final series of publications. Some of these works are also planned for publication in Russian. They will provide Soviet scientists with extensive comparative material on the physical geography of Central Asia and Inner Asia and will enable them to gain a clear understanding of the entire belt of Asian deserts, extending from the Caspian Sea in the west to the Yellow River in the east.", "ds_source": "Author (Editorial Board): Sibijaskaya Comprehensive Expedition Team of China Academy of Sciences (Сиби р с ко-К итайс к а я к спеди н к и я А н к р)\r\nPublished by: 丨 зд а т ельс тво А к а д еми наук С С С С С СР\r\nPublished: Moscow\r\nYear of publication: 1961\r\nPages: 211 pages \r\nLanguage: Russian\r\nCollection barcode: XJLAS RU 70000300\r\n
", "ds_process_way": "This book is the collection of the Documentation and Information Center of the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Center). The center stores the book electronically without OCR recognition. The data processing process is in accordance with the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", and fully complies with the data information of the \"Outline of the Natural Environment of Kunlun Mountains and Tarim\" without modification or deletion.\r\n
", "ds_quality": "The collected \"Outline of the Natural Environment of Kunlun Mountains and Tarim\" was electronically processed. In accordance with the requirements of the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Code for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", the \"Kunlun Mountains and Tarim\" was unchanged and deleted. The data information of the Outline of the Natural Environment is reliable.\r\n
", "ds_acq_place": "China", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_ref_way": "", "ds_format": "PDF format", "ds_projection": "", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_time_res": "" } }, "license_type": null, "doi_reg_from": "reg_local", "cstr_reg_from": "reg_local", "doi_not_reg_reason": null, "cstr_not_reg_reason": null, "is_paper_in_submitting": false, "ds_topic_tags": [ "土壤改良", "地貌", "地质", "水文", "塔里木河" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "自然地理学" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "中国" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 1961 ], "ds_contributors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_meta_authors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_managers": [ "文献信息中心" ], "category": "图书" }