本专著《塔吉克斯坦》（自然与自然资源）是一部综合性的总结性著作，凝聚了共和国众多科学家的共同努力。由于苏共和苏联政府关于合理利用我国自然资源的重大决策，这一著作的必要性早已成熟。\n自然保护与自然财富的合理利用问题，在当今具有特殊的现实意义和极其重要的全球性价值。它直接关系到并积极影响着现代社会生活的诸多重要方面，既涉及政治思想和经济社会层面，也涉及普遍文化领域。\n在电子与原子能时代、宇宙研究与超高速发展的背景下，地球的面貌正在以惊人的速度发生变化。人类面临一项全球性任务：确保这些变化是积极的、建设性的，而非消极的、破坏性的。\n本著作正是为了这一崇高而重要的目标。来自共和国的广大科学家和专家——地理学家、地质学家、水文气象学家、地震学家、土壤学家、生态学家、气候学家、冰川学家、植物学家、动物学家、动物寄生虫学家、经济学家及农业专家等——为此付出了五年多的辛勤劳动。\n参与专著各章节编写的不仅包括塔吉克苏维埃社会主义共和国科学院的学者，还有共和国高等院校、行业研究所和部门的主要专家。《塔吉克斯坦》一书的作者团队力求首次创作出一部广泛而综合的著作，全面阐述塔吉克苏维埃社会主义共和国所有的自然资源：气候、水资源、土壤资源等等。\n1968年由生产力研究委员会出版的《塔吉克苏维埃社会主义共和国综合地图集》以地图形式反映了共和国最重要的自然资源，并获得了科学家和专家的好评。遗憾的是，该地图集的某些数据已经过时，无法满足日益增长的科研需求。因此，本专著很好地补充了地图集无法反映的内容。此外，它不仅在参考性方面，而且在问题导向方面都做了充分准备，为区域未来的研究提供了方向。\n在《塔吉克斯坦》专著中，读者可以找到关于自然、自然资源以及它们在共和国国民经济中利用可能性的实践建议的详细资料。\n在“地质学”部分，详细阐述了塔吉克斯坦的地下资源、地层学、构造、岩浆作用、新构造运动、地震活动和矿产。\n在“气候”部分，描述了当地气候的主要特征和形成因素。给出了该地区的气候和农业气候区划，详细描述了其气候区域的特征。这一点尤为重要，因为塔吉克斯坦的许多地区拥有最丰富的气候资源。例如，其低地地区获得的太阳能量浓度如此之高，以至于在稳定灌溉的条件下，同一块土地上一年可以收获两到三季作物，并能种植最珍贵的亚热带作物（柑橘类、芳香油料植物等）。\n在专门论述地表水的部分，描述了塔吉克斯坦的主要河流和湖泊，包括它们的水文、温度和冰情状况。同时还提供了关于共和国最丰富的水力资源利用和开发前景的必要信息。\n在专门论述冰川问题的部分，不仅提供了该地区现代冰川规模的资料，还涉及了其形成条件和动态、补给方式和冰水资源消耗等方面的信息。\n专著的相当大部分用于描述塔吉克斯坦存在的所有土壤类型及其评级系统。给出了每种土壤类型的特征和价值的资料，并指出了其利用的必要措施。\n专著中关于植被的部分包含了对所有主要植被类型的描述，以及关于其作为牧场、草场或木材来源的生产力的资料。该部分还提供了野生植物中存在的有用植物、药用植物、食用植物、染料植物、胶源植物、芳香油料植物、鞣料植物和工艺用植物的数据。\n专著的大部分内容是关于塔吉克斯坦的动物界。不仅提供了该地区主要动物种类的信息，还有关于原生动物和昆虫的必要数据。\n书中还描述了共和国境内的自然保护区、禁猎区，概述了其植物和动物世界，并提出了保护措施和未来的合理利用建议。\n全书以专门论述塔吉克斯坦自然区划的部分结束，该区划基于前面各节所分析的共和国主要自然特征。\n专著的每一章节都配有必要的插图、示意图、图表和照片，这些材料极大地丰富了书籍的内容。\n
", "ds_source": "作者（编委会）：Х.М. 赛义德穆拉多夫, К.В. 斯塔纽科维奇（Х.М. Саидмурадов, К.В. Станюкович）\n出版社：Издательство «Дониш»\n出版地：杜尚别\n出版年：1982年\n页数：600页 \n语种：俄文\n馆藏条形码：XJLAS RU 70002368\n分类号：УДК 502+330.15 (575.3)\n
", "ds_process_way": "本书为中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所文献信息中心（以下简称中心）馆藏文献，中心将本书电子化后存储，已经过OCR识别，数据加工过程依据国家标准《GB/T 31219.2-2014图书馆馆藏资源数字化加工规范》，完全遵照《塔吉克斯坦：自然与自然资源》的数据信息，未改动删减。\n
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", "ds_acq_start_time": "2025-06-30 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2025-06-30 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "塔吉克斯坦苏维埃社会主义共和国", "ds_acq_lon_east": null, "ds_acq_lat_south": null, "ds_acq_lon_west": null, "ds_acq_lat_north": null, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "apply-access", "ds_total_size": 151539408, "ds_files_count": 1, "ds_format": "PDF格式", "ds_space_res": "无", "ds_time_res": "无", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "无", "ds_thumbnail": "355d5ffe-0b3a-4c34-a0f4-bf6ae887ec2d.jpg", "ds_thumb_from": 0, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "a5877b42-96ea-4f13-af7e-246f355413d6", "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "170.4599" ], "quality_level": 1, "publish_time": "2026-09-18 19:16:55", "first_publish_time": null, "last_updated": "2026-09-18 19:16:55", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": "33110.11.ariddc.01616", "license": null, "extra": null, "files_shape": [ { "name": "20250630001.pdf", "size": 151539408, "is_dir": false } ], "features": null, "data_level": 0, "i18n": { "en": { "title": "Tajikistan: Nature and natural resources", "ds_abstract": "The monograph Tajikistan (Nature and Natural Resources) is a comprehensive and integrative scholarly work that embodies the collective efforts of numerous scientists of the Republic. The need for such a publication had long been recognized, largely owing to the major decisions of the Communist Party and the Soviet Government concerning the rational utilization of the country’s natural resources.\r\n\r\nThe issues of nature conservation and the rational use of natural wealth possess particular contemporary relevance and immense global significance. They are directly connected with, and exert a positive influence upon, many important aspects of modern social life, encompassing political thought, economic and social development, as well as the broader sphere of culture.\r\n\r\nIn the age of electronics and atomic energy, amid the rapid development of space research and technological progress, the face of the Earth is changing at an extraordinary pace. Humanity is confronted with a global task: to ensure that these transformations are positive and constructive rather than negative and destructive.\r\n\r\nThis publication was created in pursuit of precisely that noble and important objective. Scientists and specialists from across the Republic, including geographers, geologists, hydrometeorologists, seismologists, soil scientists, ecologists, climatologists, glaciologists, botanists, zoologists, parasitologists, economists, and agricultural experts, devoted more than five years of intensive work to its preparation.\r\n\r\nThe contributors to the various chapters include not only scholars of the Academy of Sciences of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic, but also leading experts from the Republic’s higher educational institutions, sectoral research institutes, and government departments. The authors of Tajikistan sought, for the first time, to produce a broad and comprehensive work presenting a complete account of all the natural resources of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic, including climate, water resources, soil resources, and many others.\r\n\r\nThe Comprehensive Atlas of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic, published in 1968 by the Council for the Study of Productive Forces, presented the Republic’s most important natural resources in cartographic form and received favorable evaluations from scientists and specialists. Unfortunately, some of the atlas’s data have since become outdated and can no longer satisfy the growing demands of scientific research. This monograph therefore serves as an important supplement by presenting information that could not be adequately reflected in the atlas. In addition, it has been prepared not only as a reference work but also as a problem-oriented study intended to guide future research in the region.\r\n\r\nIn this monograph, readers will find detailed information about nature, natural resources, and practical recommendations regarding their potential utilization within the national economy of the Republic.\r\n\r\nThe section entitled “Geology” provides a detailed account of Tajikistan’s subsurface resources, stratigraphy, tectonics, magmatic activity, neotectonic movements, seismic activity, and mineral deposits.\r\n\r\nThe “Climate” section describes the principal characteristics of the local climate and the factors responsible for its formation. It presents climatic and agroclimatic regionalization schemes and offers detailed descriptions of the characteristics of each climatic zone. This is particularly important because many parts of Tajikistan possess exceptionally rich climatic resources. For example, the concentration of solar energy received in its lowland regions is so high that, under conditions of stable irrigation, two or even three harvests can be obtained from the same plot of land each year, making it possible to cultivate highly valuable subtropical crops such as citrus fruits and essential-oil plants.\r\n\r\nThe section devoted to surface waters describes the principal rivers and lakes of Tajikistan, including their hydrological characteristics, temperature regimes, and ice conditions. It also provides essential information concerning the utilization and development prospects of the Republic’s abundant hydropower resources.\r\n\r\nThe section specifically addressing glaciers contains not only data on the extent of modern glaciation in the region, but also information on glacier formation, dynamics, sources of nourishment, and the consumption of ice and water resources.\r\n\r\nA substantial portion of the monograph is devoted to describing all soil types found in Tajikistan and their classification system. Information is provided on the characteristics and value of each soil type, together with recommendations for their proper utilization.\r\n\r\nThe chapter on vegetation contains descriptions of all major vegetation types, along with information on their productivity as pastures, hayfields, or sources of timber. It also includes data on useful wild plants, medicinal plants, edible plants, dye plants, gum-producing plants, essential-oil plants, tannin-producing plants, and plants used for industrial and handicraft purposes.\r\n\r\nA large part of the book is devoted to the animal world of Tajikistan. It contains information not only on the principal animal species of the region, but also on protozoa and insects.\r\n\r\nThe book further describes the nature reserves and wildlife sanctuaries located within the Republic, provides an overview of their flora and fauna, and proposes measures for their protection and future rational utilization.\r\n\r\nThe volume concludes with a special section on the natural regionalization of Tajikistan, based upon the principal natural characteristics of the Republic analyzed in the preceding chapters.\r\n\r\nEach chapter of the monograph is accompanied by the necessary illustrations, diagrams, charts, and photographs, all of which greatly enrich the content of the book.", "ds_source": "Author (Editorial Board):.М. Said Muradov, К.В. Stanukovich (.М.Саидмурадов, К.В.Станюкович）\r\nPublished by: 丨 здательство « п они ч »\r\nPublished: Dushanbe\r\nPublication year: 1982\r\nPages: 600 pages \r\nLanguage: Russian\r\nCollection barcode: XJLAS RU 70002368\r\nClassification No.: У п К 502+330.15 (575.3)\r\n
", "ds_process_way": "This book is the collection of the Documentation and Information Center of the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Center). The center has stored the book electronically and has been recognized by OCR. The data processing process is in accordance with the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\" and fully complies with the data information of \"Tajikistan: Nature and Natural Resources\" without modification or deletion.\r\n
", "ds_quality": "The collected \"Tajikistan: Nature and Natural Resources\" was electronically processed and processed. In accordance with the requirements of the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Code for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\",\"Tajikistan: Nature and Natural Resources\" was unchanged and deleted. The data information of \"Tajikistan: Nature and Natural Resources\" was of reliable quality.\r\n
", "ds_acq_place": "Tajikistan Soviet Socialist Republic", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_ref_way": "", "ds_format": "PDF format", "ds_projection": "no", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_time_res": "" } }, "license_type": null, "doi_reg_from": "reg_local", "cstr_reg_from": "reg_local", "doi_not_reg_reason": null, "cstr_not_reg_reason": null, "is_paper_in_submitting": false, "ds_topic_tags": [ "塔吉克斯坦", "自然资源" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "地理学其他学科" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "塔吉克斯坦苏维埃社会主义共和国" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 1982 ], "ds_contributors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_meta_authors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_managers": [ "文献信息中心" ], "category": "图书" }