本研究以揭示现代水系网络与构造及形态构造之间联系和关系的形态构造与形态雕刻学说为基础。\n苏联河流网络的形态构造分析，是国内科学中对其结构和形成进行综合性研究的首次尝试。此类针对某个大型区域的研究，在世界文献中也未见阐述。\n专著探讨了水网的结构特征，其结构和形成的特殊性及规律性，总体格局、类型、河床特征及河谷形态。特别关注河流网络与地质构造及形态构造之间的联系；强调了断裂和构造裂隙在此过程中的重要作用。划分了河流网络发育和沉积物堆积历史的主要阶段。\n首次基于历史古地理学原则和形态构造分析，描述了苏联最大主干河流系统的形成特征，并阐明了水网稳定性与地质及形态构造的性质和年代之间的联系。\n众多地貌学家参与了本专著的编写，他们利用了自己多年的野外观测数据和文献资料，以及地图源和航空与航天摄影数据。苏联领土在地质地貌方面的异质性和河流网络类型的多样性，有助于相当全面地阐明河流网络与形态构造之间的联系。\n苏联境内约有300万条河流。其中约4000条属于中等河流（长度100-500公里），260条属于大型河流（长度 > 500公里）。所有河流的总长度超过950万公里，其中大型河流约占23万公里，中等河流约占67万公里。苏联最大的河流——勒拿河、叶尼塞河、鄂毕河和阿穆尔河属于世界最伟大的河流之列。\n苏联绝大部分河流属于北冰洋流域，其面积超过苏联总面积的一半，而大西洋和太平洋流域的面积则不到其面积的四分之一。内陆内流区面积与之相当，伏尔加河、乌拉尔河、阿姆河和锡尔河的流域水网属于此区域。\n苏联境内自然条件和地质地貌条件的巨大差异，决定了其河流系统不仅在流域间，而且在每个流域内部都具有异质性。\n例如，在北冰洋流域内，其东部（亚洲）部分（主要为山地类型）和西部（主要为低地平原）的特征截然不同。在流域东部，河流水量丰沛，河床多急流，河谷狭窄深切，常呈峡谷状，凸显了其在古老地域背景下的相对年轻性；而在其西部，河流则具有流速缓慢、河谷宽阔（常呈箱形）且不深的特点。\n在太平洋流域，河流主要呈现山地特征，除阿穆尔河和阿纳德尔河外，均为小型河流，水流湍急，河床多石，河谷狭窄且未充分发育，表明其整体年轻面貌。在大西洋流域，河网结构则非常多样。其南部与黑海和亚速海集水区相关的河流（高加索河流除外）属于平原类型，其特征是坡度平缓、水流平静、河谷发育良好且发育历史长。\n相反，波罗的海流域的河网结构则明显呈现出年轻特征：许多河床伴有浅滩，其河谷发育较弱，集水区内多湖泊。现代分水岭与黑海流域河流之间尚未定型的特性，以及最近多次重构的迹象，也证明了这一点。\n苏联领土上的河流网络分布不均。这取决于多种原因：区域湿润程度、组成岩石的岩性和透水性、地势海拔等。在苏联欧洲部分，河流网络密度最大的是高加索地区，在捷列克河上游流域达到苏联境内最大值（2.03公里/平方公里），以及喀尔巴阡山脉蒂萨河上游地区（2公里/平方公里）。河流网络密度最小的是克里米亚干旱地区和里海东岸（<0.1公里/平方公里）。\n河流网络在苏联亚洲部分的分布更加不均，在中亚沙漠地区其密度降至零，而在天山和准噶尔阿拉套山区则升至1.5–1.8公里/平方公里。东西伯利亚和外贝加尔地区，河流网络密度最低的是雅库特中部（0.15公里/平方公里）和额尔古纳河上游（0.18公里/平方公里）。东北部、堪察加和远东山区河流集水区占主导部分的河网密度为0.8–1.0公里/平方公里。苏联境内的平均河网密度为0.45公里/平方公里。\n苏联河流系统类型的巨大多样性及其组合，使得理解其分布结构并揭示其发育的重要特征和规律成为可能。\n本专著包含论述河网分析方法、其区域特征以及某些理论与实践一般问题的章节。\n在专著的方-法-论部分，综述了河网总体格局的分析方法，特别关注河流纵剖面、河谷和阶地的分析。专门章节介绍了运用航天图像进行河网形态构造分析的经验。所有章节都对方法进行了总体评价，指出了其优缺点、应用可能性和局限性。在区域部分，河网是按照通常划分苏联领土的大型年代-构造地貌区或形态构造区进行考察的。在关于某些理论和实践问题的章节中，追溯了河网与构造和形态构造的联系，并揭示了其在油气地质勘探工作实践、矿床预测和寻找以及解决区域工程利用问题中的意义。\n除苏联科学院地理研究所的科研人员外，参与本专著编写的还有苏联科学院地质研究所、苏联科学院远东科学中心、乌克兰科学院、哈萨克科学院、莫斯科国立大学、苏联地质和矿藏保护部以及水电设计院的科研人员。
", "ds_source": "作者（编委会）：И. П. Герасимов (И. П. 格拉西莫夫)С. С. Коржуев (С. С. 科尔茹耶夫)\n出版社：Издательство «Наука»\n出版地：莫斯科\n出版年：1979年\n页数：302页 \n语种：俄文\n分类号：УДК 551 \n馆藏条形码：XJLAS RU 70000702
", "ds_process_way": "本书为中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所文献信息中心（以下简称中心）馆藏文献，中心将本书电子化后存储，已经过OCR识别，数据加工过程依据国家标准《GB/T 31219.2-2014图书馆馆藏资源数字化加工规范》，完全遵照《苏联河网形态结构分析》的数据信息，未改动删减。
", "ds_quality": "对收集到的《苏联河网形态结构分析》进行电子化加工处理，按照国家标准《GB/T 31219.2-2014图书馆馆藏资源数字化加工规范》要求，未改动删减《苏联河网形态结构分析》的数据信息，数据质量可靠。
", "ds_acq_start_time": "2025-09-30 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2025-09-30 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "苏联", "ds_acq_lon_east": null, "ds_acq_lat_south": null, "ds_acq_lon_west": null, "ds_acq_lat_north": null, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "apply-access", "ds_total_size": 209174386, "ds_files_count": 1, "ds_format": "PDF格式", "ds_space_res": "无", "ds_time_res": "无", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "无", "ds_thumbnail": "339ce4c4-728f-4cbf-bba2-e937fa4b658b.png", "ds_thumb_from": 0, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "a5877b42-96ea-4f13-af7e-246f355413d6", "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "170.55" ], "quality_level": 1, "publish_time": "2026-09-16 19:05:00", "first_publish_time": null, "last_updated": "2026-09-16 19:14:13", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": "33110.11.ariddc.02383", "license": null, "extra": null, "files_shape": [ { "name": "202508220004（XJLASRU70000702）双层.pdf", "size": 209174386, "is_dir": false } ], "features": null, "data_level": 0, "i18n": { "en": { "title": "Analysis on the morphology and structure of river networks in the Soviet Union", "ds_abstract": "This study is based on the concepts of morphotectonics and morphosculpture, which seek to reveal the connections and relationships between modern drainage networks and tectonic as well as morphotectonic structures.\r\n\r\nThe morphotectonic analysis of the river network of the Soviet Union represents the first attempt in Soviet science to conduct a comprehensive study of its structure and genesis. Comparable investigations of such a vast territory have not been described in the world literature.\r\n\r\nThe monograph examines the structural characteristics of drainage networks, the particular features and regularities of their structure and development, their overall patterns, types, channel characteristics, and valley morphology. Special attention is devoted to the relationships between river networks and geological as well as morphotectonic structures, with emphasis placed on the important role of faults and tectonic fractures in these processes. The major stages in the development of river networks and the history of sediment accumulation are identified and distinguished.\r\n\r\nFor the first time, based on the principles of historical paleogeography and morphotectonic analysis, the formation characteristics of the largest trunk river systems of the Soviet Union are described, and the relationship between the stability of drainage networks and the nature and age of geological and morphotectonic structures is clarified.\r\n\r\nNumerous geomorphologists participated in the preparation of this monograph. They drew upon many years of field observations, published sources, cartographic materials, and aerial and space imagery. The geological and geomorphological heterogeneity of the Soviet territory, together with the diversity of river-network types, made it possible to provide a relatively comprehensive explanation of the relationships between river networks and morphotectonic structures.\r\n\r\nApproximately three million rivers are found within the Soviet Union. Of these, about 4,000 are classified as medium-sized rivers (100–500 km in length), while 260 are large rivers (more than 500 km in length). The total length of all rivers exceeds 9.5 million km, including about 230,000 km of large rivers and about 670,000 km of medium-sized rivers. The largest Soviet rivers, the Lena, Yenisei, Ob, and Amur, rank among the great rivers of the world.\r\n\r\nThe overwhelming majority of Soviet rivers belong to the Arctic Ocean basin, which occupies more than half of the territory of the Soviet Union. The Atlantic and Pacific Ocean basins together account for less than one quarter of the country's area. An approximately equal area belongs to internal drainage basins, including the hydrological networks of the Volga, Ural, Amu Darya, and Syr Darya rivers.\r\n\r\nThe enormous diversity of natural, geological, and geomorphological conditions within the Soviet Union has resulted in river systems that are heterogeneous not only between drainage basins but also within individual basins themselves.\r\n\r\nFor example, within the Arctic Ocean basin, the eastern (Asian) sector, which is predominantly mountainous, differs sharply from the western sector, which is characterized mainly by lowland plains. In the eastern part of the basin, rivers are abundant in water, contain numerous rapids, flow through narrow and deeply incised valleys that often take the form of gorges, and exhibit signs of relative youthfulness against the backdrop of ancient landscapes. In contrast, rivers in the western sector are characterized by slow currents and broad, often box-shaped, and relatively shallow valleys.\r\n\r\nWithin the Pacific Ocean basin, rivers are predominantly mountainous in character. With the exception of the Amur and Anadyr rivers, they are generally small streams with swift currents, rocky channels, and narrow, incompletely developed valleys, reflecting their overall youthful appearance. In the Atlantic basin, by contrast, the structure of the river network is highly diverse. Rivers in the southern part of the basin associated with the Black Sea and Sea of Azov catchments (except those of the Caucasus) belong to the lowland type and are characterized by gentle gradients, tranquil flow, well-developed valleys, and long histories of development.\r\n\r\nConversely, the river network of the Baltic basin displays pronounced youthful features. Many river channels contain shoals, valleys are only weakly developed, and lakes are abundant within the catchments. Additional evidence is provided by the still incompletely established character of modern watersheds relative to rivers draining toward the Black Sea, as well as signs of repeated recent reorganizations of the drainage network.\r\n\r\nThe distribution of river networks across the Soviet Union is highly uneven. This depends on numerous factors, including regional humidity, the lithology and permeability of bedrock, and topographic elevation. In the European part of the Soviet Union, the highest drainage density occurs in the Caucasus, reaching the national maximum of 2.03 km/km² in the upper Terek River basin, and nearly 2.0 km/km² in the upper Tisza River basin of the Carpathians. The lowest drainage densities occur in the arid regions of Crimea and on the eastern coast of the Caspian Sea, where values are below 0.1 km/km².\r\n\r\nThe distribution of river networks in the Asian part of the Soviet Union is even more uneven. Drainage density declines to virtually zero in the deserts of Central Asia, while increasing to 1.5–1.8 km/km² in the mountains of the Tien Shan and Dzungarian Alatau. In Eastern Siberia and Transbaikalia, the lowest densities are found in central Yakutia (0.15 km/km²) and the upper reaches of the Argun River (0.18 km/km²). In northeastern Siberia, Kamchatka, and the mountainous regions of the Far East, where mountain catchments predominate, drainage density ranges from 0.8 to 1.0 km/km². The average drainage density across the Soviet Union is 0.45 km/km².\r\n\r\nThe great diversity of river-system types and their combinations within the Soviet Union makes it possible to understand their distributional structure and to identify important characteristics and regularities of their development.\r\n\r\nThe monograph contains chapters devoted to methods of river-network analysis, their regional characteristics, and several general theoretical and practical issues.\r\n\r\nIn the methodological section, methods for analyzing the overall pattern of drainage networks are reviewed, with particular attention given to the analysis of river longitudinal profiles, valleys, and terraces. A special chapter discusses the application of satellite imagery to morphotectonic analysis of river networks. Throughout the work, the methods are critically evaluated, and their advantages, disadvantages, applications, and limitations are identified. In the regional section, drainage networks are examined according to the major chronotectonic-geomorphological and morphotectonic regions traditionally used in the subdivision of the Soviet territory. In the chapters devoted to selected theoretical and practical issues, the relationships between river networks, tectonic structures, and morphotectonic features are traced, and their significance for petroleum and natural-gas exploration, mineral prospecting and prediction, and solutions to regional engineering-development problems is demonstrated.\r\n\r\nIn addition to researchers from the Institute of Geography of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, contributors to this monograph included specialists from the Institute of Geology of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, the Far Eastern Scientific Center of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, the Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan, Moscow State University, the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources Protection of the USSR, and the Hydroproject Institute.", "ds_source": "Author (Editorial Board): Un.Н. PaligovН.Пальгов）\r\nPublished by: 丨 зда тельство « 丨 аука»\r\nPublished: Almaty\r\nPublication year: 1965\r\nPages: 189 pages \r\nLanguage: Russian\r\nCollection barcode: XJLAS RU 70020638", "ds_process_way": "This book is the collection of the Documentation and Information Center of the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Center). The center has stored the book electronically and has been recognized by OCR. The data processing process is in accordance with the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", fully complying with the data information of \"Analysis of the Morphological Structure of River Networks in the Soviet Union\" without modification or deletion.", "ds_quality": "The collected \"Analysis of the Morphology and Structure of River Networks in the Soviet Union\" was electronically processed. In accordance with the requirements of the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Code for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", the \"Analysis of the Morphology and Structure of River Networks in the Soviet Union\" was not changed and deleted. Data information, data quality is reliable.", "ds_acq_place": "Soviet Union", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_ref_way": "", "ds_format": "PDF format", "ds_projection": "no", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_time_res": "" } }, "license_type": null, "doi_reg_from": "reg_local", "cstr_reg_from": "reg_local", "doi_not_reg_reason": null, "cstr_not_reg_reason": null, "is_paper_in_submitting": false, "ds_topic_tags": [ "形态构造分析", "河流网络" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "水文学" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "苏联" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 1979 ], "ds_contributors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_meta_authors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_managers": [ "文献信息中心" ], "category": "图书" }