中亚的水资源主要形成于山区，占咸海流域面积（35万平方公里）的20%以上。该区域约90%的地表径流在此形成，年均水量约1150亿立方米（平水年）。它们主要分布在阿姆河和锡尔河两大河流系统内。\n湖泊是重要的水资源、有机质和矿物原料的来源。湖泊用于供水、灌溉、牲畜饮水以及渔业开发。部分盐湖蕴藏着对化学、食品及其他工业具有价值的珍贵矿物原料（如氯化钠、氯化镁、硫酸钠等）。此外，大多数高矿化度湖泊含有大量具有医疗价值的矿泥（矿物泥），具有重要的矿泉疗养意义。部分湖泊还具有重要的休闲价值。\n湖泊是独特的水域复合体，是自然景观最重要的要素之一。它们不同于周围的陆地自然复合体。中亚和中国西北地区分布着成千上万个大小湖泊，既分布在平原上也分布在山区。中亚地区共有超过51000个湖泊，总面积达14571平方公里，分布在阿姆河、锡尔河、楚河、塔拉斯河流域、伊塞克湖、东帕米尔和天山以及土库曼斯坦的无流区。中国西北干旱区有700个湖泊，其中面积超过10平方公里的有29个。\n湖泊学是一门关于大陆缓慢水交换水体（如湖泊、水库、池塘）的独立综合性科学，属于地理学科范畴。这门综合性科学研究水体中发生的物理、化学和生物过程的相互作用，以及湖泊的历史和演化。\n目前，湖泊综合研究问题日益重要。其中正确的解决方法是研究中亚和中国西北干旱区的湖泊。由于人为因素的加剧，罗布泊已经干涸，同样的状况也出现在咸海流域。该流域正处于危机水平，已沦为灾难性区域。经济的快速发展要求充分利用所有自然资源。\n本书的主要目的是综合研究中亚国家湖泊系统和水体的发展以及气候变化对水资源的影响。本书提供了关于中亚和中国西北干旱区湖泊盆地的成因、湖泊水体物理化学性质、水文状况（水量平衡和水位变化）的信息。\n在气候变化和可持续发展的背景下，对湖泊系统的研究具有重要性和必要性。研究气候变化对水资源可能产生的影响非常具有现实意义，因为湖泊在人类生活中的作用首先取决于其巨大的淡水储量。湖泊对气候变化和人为因素非常敏感，因为湖泊沉积物是气候变化和人为因素的主要参数或来源。此外，湖泊是天然的径流调节器，是国家公园、各级保护区等特殊保护区的核心。在现代条件下，湖泊的作用显著增加，因为在持续的人为因素影响下，它们仍然是清洁淡水的守护者。\n本书主要面向致力于湖泊研究、自然资源利用、灌溉、水电和供水的科学家和研究人员，以及学生和规划人员。我们相信，我们对中亚和中国西北干旱区湖泊研究的贡献将成为所有对湖泊等自然资源的可持续利用和发展负有责任的读者的信息和知识来源。\n
", "ds_source": "作者（编委会）：多甘·阿尔廷比莱克, 弗朗西斯科·冈萨雷斯-戈麦斯, 切纳特·戈帕拉克里希南, 詹姆斯·霍恩, 戴维·J·莫尔登, 奥利·瓦里斯, 王浩（Dogan Altinbilek, Francisco González-Gómez, Chennat Gopalakrishnan, James Horne, David J. Molden, Olli Varis, Hao Wang）\n出版社：Springer\n出版地：新加坡\n出版年：2019年\n页数：411页 \n语种：俄文\n馆藏条形码：XJLAS RU 70002368\n分类号：УДК 551:2\n
", "ds_process_way": "本书为中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所文献信息中心（以下简称中心）馆藏文献，中心将本书电子化后存储，已经过OCR识别，数据加工过程依据国家标准《GB/T 31219.2-2014图书馆馆藏资源数字化加工规范》，完全遵照《中亚水文学与湖沼学》的数据信息，未改动删减。\n
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", "ds_acq_start_time": "2025-06-01 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2025-06-01 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "中亚", "ds_acq_lon_east": null, "ds_acq_lat_south": null, "ds_acq_lon_west": null, "ds_acq_lat_north": null, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "apply-access", "ds_total_size": 35238888, "ds_files_count": 1, "ds_format": "PDF格式", "ds_space_res": "无", "ds_time_res": "无", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "", "ds_thumbnail": "2523d411-c8c8-4e96-b0aa-51c34f2799b8.jpg", "ds_thumb_from": 0, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "a5877b42-96ea-4f13-af7e-246f355413d6", "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "170.4510", "170.5540" ], "quality_level": 1, "publish_time": "2026-09-21 13:05:49", "first_publish_time": null, "last_updated": "2026-09-21 13:05:49", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": "33110.11.ariddc.01579", "license": null, "extra": null, "files_shape": [ { "name": "20250601901.pdf", "size": 35238888, "is_dir": false } ], "features": null, "data_level": 0, "i18n": { "en": { "title": "Hydrology and Limnology in Central Asia", "ds_abstract": "The water resources of Central Asia are formed primarily in mountainous regions, which account for more than 20% of the Aral Sea basin area (350,000 square kilometers). Approximately 90% of the region's surface runoff originates there, with an average annual water volume of about 115 billion cubic meters in a normal-water year. These resources are mainly concentrated within the two major river systems of the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya.\r\n\r\nLakes are important sources of water resources, organic matter, and mineral raw materials. They are used for water supply, irrigation, livestock watering, and fisheries development. Some saline lakes contain valuable mineral resources of importance to the chemical, food-processing, and other industries, including sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, and sodium sulfate. In addition, most highly mineralized lakes contain large quantities of therapeutic mud (mineral mud) with significant value for health and spa treatment. Some lakes also possess considerable recreational value.\r\n\r\nLakes are unique aquatic complexes and constitute one of the most important elements of natural landscapes. They differ from the surrounding terrestrial natural complexes. Tens of thousands of lakes of various sizes are distributed throughout Central Asia and northwestern China, occurring in both plains and mountainous areas. Central Asia contains more than 51,000 lakes with a total area of 14,571 square kilometers. These lakes are distributed across the basins of the Amu Darya, Syr Darya, Chu River, and Talas River, as well as in the Issyk-Kul region, the Eastern Pamirs, the Tianshan Mountains, and the endorheic areas of Turkmenistan. In the arid region of northwestern China, there are about 700 lakes, of which 29 have an area exceeding 10 square kilometers.\r\n\r\nLimnology is an independent interdisciplinary science concerned with continental water bodies characterized by slow water exchange, such as lakes, reservoirs, and ponds. It belongs to the field of geography. This comprehensive discipline studies the interactions among physical, chemical, and biological processes occurring within water bodies, as well as the history and evolution of lakes.\r\n\r\nAt present, the comprehensive study of lakes is becoming increasingly important. An appropriate approach to this issue is the investigation of lakes in Central Asia and the arid regions of northwestern China. Due to intensified human impacts, Lop Nur has already dried up, and similar conditions have appeared in the Aral Sea basin. The basin has reached a critical stage and has become an area of environmental disaster. Rapid economic development requires the full utilization of all natural resources.\r\n\r\nThe primary objective of this book is to conduct a comprehensive study of the development of lake systems and water bodies in the countries of Central Asia, as well as the impacts of climate change on water resources. The book provides information on the origins of lake basins, the physical and chemical properties of lake waters, and hydrological conditions, including water balance and water-level fluctuations, in Central Asia and the arid regions of northwestern China.\r\n\r\nAgainst the backdrop of climate change and sustainable development, research on lake systems is of great importance and necessity. Studying the potential effects of climate change on water resources is particularly relevant because the role of lakes in human life depends first and foremost on their vast reserves of freshwater. Lakes are highly sensitive to both climate change and human activities, as lake sediments serve as major indicators and records of climatic and anthropogenic influences. Furthermore, lakes are natural regulators of runoff and form the core of specially protected areas such as national parks and nature reserves of various categories. Under modern conditions, the significance of lakes has increased considerably because, despite continuing human pressures, they remain guardians of clean freshwater resources.\r\n\r\nThis book is intended primarily for scientists and researchers engaged in lake studies, natural-resource utilization, irrigation, hydropower, and water supply, as well as for students and planners. We believe that our contribution to the study of lakes in Central Asia and the arid regions of northwestern China will serve as a valuable source of information and knowledge for all readers concerned with the sustainable utilization and development of natural resources such as lakes.", "ds_source": "Author (Editorial Board): Dogan Altinbilek, Francisco Gonzalez-Gomez, Chenat Gopalakrishnan, James Horn, David J. Molden, Olli Varis, Wang Hao (Dogan Altinbilek, Francisco González-Gómez, Chennat Gopalakrishnan, James Horne, David J. Molden, Olli Varis, Hao Wang)\r\nPublished by: Springer\r\nPublished: Singapore\r\nPublication year: 2019\r\nPages: 411 pages \r\nLanguage: Russian\r\nCollection barcode: XJLAS RU 70002368\r\nClassification No.: У п К 551:2\r\n
", "ds_process_way": "This book is the collection of the Documentation and Information Center of the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Center). The center has stored the book electronically and has been recognized by OCR. The data processing process is in accordance with the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", and fully complies with the data information of \"Central Asia Hydrology and Limnology\" without modification or deletion.\r\n
", "ds_quality": "The collected \"Central Asia Hydrology and Limnology\" was electronically processed and processed. In accordance with the requirements of the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Code for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\",\"Central Asia Hydrology and Limnology\" was unchanged and deleted. The data information of \"Central Asia Hydrology and Limnology\" was of reliable quality.\r\n
", "ds_acq_place": "Central Asia", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_ref_way": "", "ds_format": "PDF format", "ds_projection": "", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_time_res": "" } }, "license_type": null, "doi_reg_from": "reg_local", "cstr_reg_from": "reg_local", "doi_not_reg_reason": null, "cstr_not_reg_reason": null, "is_paper_in_submitting": false, "ds_topic_tags": [ "水资源", "湖泊" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "自然地理学", "湖沼学" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "中亚" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 2019 ], "ds_contributors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_meta_authors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_managers": [ "文献信息中心" ], "category": "图书" }