我对故土和人民无限的热爱，对祖先的崇敬，自幼便融入我的血液之中，促使我写下这本书。它不仅面向医学和药学专家，也面向所有对我国丰富的植物资源和民族医学古老传统感兴趣的广大读者。\n正是这种兴趣，曾促使当时还是医学院学生的我，深入研究这一独特的天然植物实验室。从那时起，我便一直致力于植物疗法——即利用药用植物进行治疗。起初作为一名医生，后来作为土库曼斯坦卫生事业的领导者，并在多年间担任其主管，我系统地继续研究我们先辈留下的最丰富的遗产。这一代代相传的遗产，既汇集了古代杰出科学家和医学家们的大量著作，也凝聚了民间医生（泰比卜）的经验。而这些经验，又源于我们人民探索其慷慨大地的特殊才能和技艺，源于他们对自然生命多样性的深刻理解。\n我们的祖先向药用植物寻求帮助，这些植物对他们而言是第一个“天然药房”。他们利用大自然形成的有效物质，即木本和灌木物种及草本植物的各部分。人们注意到，家养动物如猫和狗，在患有某些疾病时吃了特定的植物后便痊愈了。猎人观察到受伤的公羊会食用红色石竹，直到现在，当地居民仍将其视为止血药物。\n我们的祖先深刻而直觉敏锐，他们睿智地注意到植物在连接有机世界与无机世界中起着中介作用。实际上，植物有机体的基本特征在于生成必需的有机物，这种合成是在太阳能强大作用下，从土壤的无机矿物、水和空气中的二氧化碳中进行的。在同化过程中，植物合成碳水化合物（糖和淀粉）以及无氮物质，如苷类、木质素、纤维素、挥发油、鞣质，还有许多含氮化合物，如氨基酸、酰胺、胺、嘌呤、核苷、生物碱等，其中大部分具有药理活性。\n如今，众多药用植物的医学价值已得到科学医学的认可。\n尽管化学工业迅速发展，并在化学成分基础上制备了大量药物，但人们对药用植物的兴趣并未丧失。至今仍有一半以上的药物制剂来源于植物。其中一些是治疗多种疾病的唯一药物。这完全合乎自然，因为人类与任何生物有机体一样，与植物界有着不可分割的联系，而植物界在生物学上更接近人类。\n同时，对植物活性物质的研究远比纯化学成分的研究复杂得多。这不仅取决于环境条件，包括气候、水分状况、土壤成分等（每一种特定植物都在其中发育），还取决于植物的遗传和生化特性。活性物质的含量也取决于植物从药理学角度看更为成熟的发育阶段。在采集和储存药用植物时，尤其是干燥其新鲜部分时，须考虑到可能发生的酶促过程。药用原料的不当干燥和储存会导致不良后果，使其丧失药性。\n因此，即使是制作像浸剂和煎剂这样非常普通的药剂，也需要一定的知识。医生在开具药用植物处方时，应具备足够的植物学、药物化学、药理学知识，了解药用植物的临床特性，即对利用药用植物治疗某种疾病的可能性拥有经验和批判性的判断。\n科学医学已证明数百种植物的治疗价值，但其中大部分尚未被研究。在科学医学中，允许使用的植物超过100种，而在民间医学中则使用多达2000种。\n作为我国卫生事业的负责人，我将使植物疗法建立在坚实的科学基础之上，并赋予其合理的解释，作为自己的使命。1999年，土库曼斯坦成立了国家药品研究所。全面研究我国生长的药用植物并生产原创性药剂的任务，就交给了这个研究所。\n我想强调的是，植物疗法这一最古老的治疗分支，要求最负责任的态度和最严格的控制，这不仅涉及到其他领域的专家——植物学家、农学家、生物化学家，也涉及到药用植物的采集者和供应商。这些植物被无限制地采集，有时甚至无故被毁坏的情况并不少见。这导致自然平衡被破坏，植物数量减少，甚至某些物种消失。目前，土库曼斯坦红皮书（1999年）中已记录了27种药用植物。\n作为本书的作者，我的任务是帮助医学专家、药用原料采集者和供应商，以及所有与植物打交道的人，丰富他们的药用植物知识，扩展关于其形态、生长条件和地点、化学成分、医学应用历史、采集和保藏期限与方法的信息。我希望我的工作能帮助读者了解土库曼斯坦奇妙的自然，以及植物对人类及其健康的价值。\n
", "ds_source": "作者（编委会）：古尔班古雷·别尔德穆哈梅多夫（Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov）\n出版社：Turkmen state Publishing service\n出版地：阿什哈巴德\n出版年：2015年\n页数： 334页\n语种：英文\n馆藏条形码：SD2686\n
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", "ds_acq_start_time": "2025-09-08 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2025-09-08 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "土库曼斯坦", "ds_acq_lon_east": null, "ds_acq_lat_south": null, "ds_acq_lon_west": null, "ds_acq_lat_north": null, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "apply-access", "ds_total_size": 55039180, "ds_files_count": 1, "ds_format": "PDF格式", "ds_space_res": "无", "ds_time_res": "无", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "", "ds_thumbnail": "249d8458-936b-4c43-846e-8c6a97f0f913.jpg", "ds_thumb_from": 0, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "a5877b42-96ea-4f13-af7e-246f355413d6", "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "180.51" ], "quality_level": 1, "publish_time": "2026-09-21 17:39:01", "first_publish_time": null, "last_updated": "2026-09-21 17:39:01", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": "33110.11.ariddc.01520", "license": null, "extra": null, "files_shape": [ { "name": "20250908003(SD2686).pdf", "size": 55039180, "is_dir": false } ], "features": null, "data_level": 0, "i18n": { "en": { "title": "Medicinal plants of Turkmenistan I", "ds_abstract": "My boundless love for my homeland and its people, together with my deep reverence for my ancestors, has been part of me since childhood and inspired me to write this book. It is intended not only for specialists in medicine and pharmacy, but also for all readers who are interested in our country's rich plant resources and the ancient traditions of folk medicine.\r\n\r\nIt was precisely this interest that motivated me, while still a medical student, to undertake an in-depth study of this unique natural laboratory of plants. Since that time, I have devoted myself to phytotherapy, that is, the treatment of diseases using medicinal plants. First as a physician and later as a leader of Turkmenistan's public health system, serving for many years as its head, I continued systematically to study the rich heritage left to us by our forebears. This heritage, passed down from generation to generation, encompasses not only the numerous works of outstanding ancient scholars and physicians but also the accumulated experience of folk healers (tabibs). That experience, in turn, arose from our people's special talent and skill in exploring the riches of their native land and from their profound understanding of the diversity of life in nature.\r\n\r\nOur ancestors sought healing from medicinal plants, which served as their first \"natural pharmacy.\" They made use of the beneficial substances provided by nature, drawing upon the various parts of trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants. People observed that domestic animals such as cats and dogs often recovered from certain illnesses after eating specific plants. Hunters noticed that wounded wild sheep consumed red campion, and even today local residents regard this plant as a hemostatic remedy.\r\n\r\nOur ancestors possessed deep insight and keen intuition. They wisely recognized that plants act as intermediaries between the organic and inorganic worlds. Indeed, the fundamental characteristic of plant organisms lies in their ability to produce essential organic substances. This synthesis occurs under the powerful influence of solar energy, using inorganic minerals from the soil, water, and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. During the process of assimilation, plants synthesize carbohydrates (sugars and starches) as well as nitrogen-free substances such as glycosides, lignin, cellulose, essential oils, and tannins, together with numerous nitrogen-containing compounds including amino acids, amides, amines, purines, nucleosides, and alkaloids, many of which possess pharmacological activity.\r\n\r\nToday, the medicinal value of numerous plants has been recognized by scientific medicine.\r\n\r\nDespite the rapid development of the chemical industry and the production of large numbers of medicines based on synthetic chemical compounds, interest in medicinal plants has not diminished. Even today, more than half of all medicinal preparations are derived from plants. Some of these remain the only effective remedies for the treatment of certain diseases. This is entirely natural, since human beings, like all living organisms, are inseparably connected with the plant world, which is biologically closer to humans than many other forms of life.\r\n\r\nAt the same time, the study of biologically active substances in plants is far more complex than the study of purely chemical compounds. This complexity depends not only on environmental conditions, including climate, moisture, and soil composition, within which a particular plant develops, but also on the plant's genetic and biochemical characteristics. The concentration of active substances also depends on the developmental stage at which the plant reaches its greatest pharmacological maturity. When collecting and storing medicinal plants, especially when drying fresh plant material, it is necessary to take into account possible enzymatic processes. Improper drying and storage of medicinal raw materials may lead to undesirable consequences and a loss of medicinal properties.\r\n\r\nTherefore, even the preparation of such common remedies as infusions and decoctions requires a certain amount of knowledge. Physicians who prescribe medicinal plants should possess adequate knowledge of botany, pharmaceutical chemistry, and pharmacology, as well as an understanding of the clinical characteristics of medicinal plants. In other words, they should be able to make informed and critical judgments regarding the suitability of plant-based treatments for particular diseases.\r\n\r\nScientific medicine has confirmed the therapeutic value of hundreds of plant species, yet most of them remain insufficiently studied. More than one hundred plant species are officially approved for use in scientific medicine, whereas folk medicine employs as many as two thousand species.\r\n\r\nAs the head of my country's public health system, I made it my mission to place phytotherapy on a firm scientific foundation and to provide it with a rational scientific interpretation. In 1999, the National Institute of Medicinal Products was established in Turkmenistan. The task of comprehensively studying the medicinal plants growing in our country and producing original pharmaceutical preparations was entrusted to this institute.\r\n\r\nI would like to emphasize that phytotherapy, the oldest branch of medical treatment, demands the highest degree of responsibility and the strictest supervision. This responsibility extends not only to specialists from related disciplines, including botanists, agronomists, and biochemists, but also to collectors and suppliers of medicinal plants. Cases of uncontrolled harvesting and even the needless destruction of medicinal plants are not uncommon. Such practices disrupt the natural balance, reduce plant populations, and may even lead to the extinction of certain species. At present, the Red Data Book of Turkmenistan (1999) includes 27 species of medicinal plants.\r\n\r\nAs the author of this book, my goal is to help medical specialists, collectors and suppliers of medicinal plant materials, and all those who work with plants to broaden their knowledge of medicinal flora. I seek to expand understanding of their morphology, growth conditions and habitats, chemical composition, history of medical use, and methods and periods of collection and preservation. I hope that my work will help readers appreciate the remarkable natural world of Turkmenistan and better understand the value of plants for humanity and for human health.", "ds_source": "Author (Editorial Board): Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov\r\nPublisher: Turkmen state Publishing Service\r\nPlace of publication: Ashgabat\r\nPublication year: 2015\r\nPages: 334 pages\r\nLanguage: English\r\nCollection barcode: SD2686\r\n
", "ds_process_way": "This book is the collection of the Documentation and Information Center of the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Center). The center has stored the book electronically and has been recognized by OCR. The data processing process is in accordance with the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\" and fully complies with the data information of \"Medicinal Plants of Turkmenistan\" Volume 1 \"without modification or deletion.\r\n
", "ds_quality": "The collected \"Volume 1 of Medicinal Plants of Turkmenistan\" was electronically processed. In accordance with the requirements of the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Code for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources,\" the data information of \"Volume 1 of Medicinal Plants of Turkmenistan\" was not changed and deleted, and the data quality was reliable.\r\n
", "ds_acq_place": "Turkmenistan", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_ref_way": "", "ds_format": "PDF format", "ds_projection": "", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_time_res": "" } }, "license_type": null, "doi_reg_from": "reg_local", "cstr_reg_from": "reg_local", "doi_not_reg_reason": null, "cstr_not_reg_reason": null, "is_paper_in_submitting": false, "ds_topic_tags": [ "植物疗法", "药用植物" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "植物学" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "土库曼斯坦" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 2015 ], "ds_contributors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_meta_authors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_managers": [ "文献信息中心" ], "category": "图书" }