1954年之前哈萨克斯坦经济的一个特点是适宜耕种的土地开发不足。在拥有超过4000万公顷此类土地的情况下，共和国的播种面积仅有约1000万公顷。由于适宜耕作的土地开发不足，农业对交通运输并未提出显著需求。\n在苏维埃政权年代，哈萨克斯坦的铁路网增长了四倍多。但修建的要么是过境铁路（土西铁路、南西伯利亚铁路和跨哈萨克斯坦干线），要么是工业发展所需的专用铁路线（古里耶夫—坎达加奇—奥尔斯克线，鲁布佐夫斯克—里德尔线，扎雷克—杰兹卡兹甘线等）。专门为共和国农业发展而修建的铁路几乎完全没有。\n当然，这并不意味着已建的铁路对农业发展没有意义。相反，在土西铁路沿线，过去曾是荒漠的地方，现在出现了一系列大型灌溉农业区。邻近南西伯利亚铁路西段（卡尔塔雷—阿克莫林斯克）的地区也开始发展农业。但这两条干线首先仍然是过境通道。\n随着生荒地和熟荒地的开垦，提出了必须发展专门服务于农业生产的交通运输的问题。交通运输发展的这一新目标，要求预先解决不同陆路运输方式（标准轨和窄轨铁路与汽车运输）的合理应用范围问题。不预先解决这个问题，就无法正确规划该地区最终的交通网络，该网络应能保障各种运输方式的协同工作，并使该地区农业运输服务的国民经济成本最小化。\n本研究试图通过计算来确定在北哈萨克斯坦农业经济服务中各类陆路运输方式的合理应用范围，确立单位领土所需铁路和非铁路道路长度的一些标准，并在此基础上给出研究区域交通网络建设的原则性方案。
", "ds_source": "作者（编委会）： A. B. 奥索尔金 (Осоргин), И. В. 拉夫罗娃 (Лаврова), И. Ф. 普舍尼齐娜 (Пшеницына), М. М. 维斯库博娃 (Выскубова)\n出版社：Издательство Академии наук Казахской ССР\n出版地：阿拉木图 \n出版年：1957年\n页数：107页 \n语种：俄文\n馆藏条形码：XJLAS RU 70019635
", "ds_process_way": "本书为中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所文献信息中心（以下简称中心）馆藏文献，中心将本书电子化后存储，已经过OCR识别，数据加工过程依据国家标准《GB/T 31219.2-2014图书馆馆藏资源数字化加工规范》，完全遵照《哈萨克斯坦北部垦荒区与休耕区交通综合发展问题》的数据信息，未改动删减。
", "ds_quality": "对收集到的《哈萨克斯坦北部垦荒区与休耕区交通综合发展问题》进行电子化加工处理，按照国家标准《GB/T 31219.2-2014图书馆馆藏资源数字化加工规范》要求，未改动删减《哈萨克斯坦北部垦荒区与休耕区交通综合发展问题》的数据信息，数据质量可靠。
", "ds_acq_start_time": "2025-09-30 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2025-09-30 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "苏联", "ds_acq_lon_east": null, "ds_acq_lat_south": null, "ds_acq_lon_west": null, "ds_acq_lat_north": null, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "login-access", "ds_total_size": 265760435, "ds_files_count": 1, "ds_format": "PDF格式", "ds_space_res": "无", "ds_time_res": "无", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "", "ds_thumbnail": "1cffaaa2-60c0-4d7c-924b-9952b41bd269.png", "ds_thumb_from": 0, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "a5877b42-96ea-4f13-af7e-246f355413d6", "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "170.4520" ], "quality_level": 1, "publish_time": "2026-09-04 19:50:30", "first_publish_time": null, "last_updated": "2026-09-22 19:32:18", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": "33110.11.ariddc.02025", "license": null, "extra": null, "files_shape": [ { "name": "202506280003（XJLASRU70019635）双层.pdf", "size": 265760435, "is_dir": false } ], "features": null, "data_level": 0, "i18n": { "en": { "title": "Comprehensive development of transportation in reclaimed land and fallow areas in northern Kazakhstan", "ds_abstract": "Before 1954, Kazakhstan's economy was characterized by insufficient development of land suitable for cultivation. With more than 40million hectares of such land, the sown area of the Republic is only about 10million hectares. Due to the insufficient development of land suitable for cultivation, agriculture has not put forward significant demand for transportation.\r\nDuring the Soviet regime, Kazakhstan's railway network grew more than fourfold. However, either transit railways (tuxi railway, South Siberia railway and trans Kazakhstan trunk line) or special railway lines required for industrial development (guriyev kandagach olsk line, rubzovsk Ridder line, Zarek jezkazgan line, etc.) were built. There are almost no railways specially built for the agricultural development of the Republic.\r\nOf course, this does not mean that the built railway has no significance for agricultural development. On the contrary, a series of large-scale irrigated agricultural areas have emerged along the tuxi railway, which used to be desert. The area adjacent to the western section of the southern Siberian Railway (kartare akmolinsk) also began to develop agriculture. However, these two trunk lines are still transit channels.\r\nWith the reclamation of raw and mature wasteland, the problem of developing transportation dedicated to agricultural production has been raised. This new goal of transportation development requires that the reasonable application scope of different land transportation modes (standard gauge, narrow gauge railway and automobile transportation) be solved in advance. Without solving this problem in advance, it is impossible to correctly plan the final transportation network in the region. The network should ensure the coordination of various transportation modes and minimize the national economic cost of agricultural transportation services in the region.\r\nThis study attempts to determine the reasonable application scope of various land transport modes in the agricultural economic services of North Kazakhstan through calculation, establish some standards for the length of railway and non railway roads required by the unit territory, and on this basis, give the principle scheme for the construction of regional transportation network.", "ds_source": "Author (Editorial Board): A. B. Osorkin (Ö соргин), 丨.В. Lavrov, 丨.Ф. Pushenitina (Persende ени м ына), А.М. Veskubova (А скубова)\r\nPublished by: А з д а т ельс тво А к а д еми наук с к ой С С СР\r\nPublished: Almaty \r\nPublication year: 1957\r\nPages: 107 pages \r\nLanguage: Russian\r\nCollection barcode: XJLAS RU 70019635", "ds_process_way": "This book is the collection of the Documentation and Information Center of the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Center). The center stores the book electronically and has been recognized by OCR. The data processing process is in accordance with the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\" and fully complies with the data information of \"Comprehensive Development of Transportation in Reclamation Areas and Fallow Areas in Northern Kazakhstan\" without modification or deletion.", "ds_quality": "The collected \"Comprehensive Transportation Development Issues in Reclamation Areas and Fallow Areas in Northern Kazakhstan\" was electronically processed. In accordance with the requirements of the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Code for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources,\" the data information of \"Comprehensive Transportation Development Issues in Reclamation Areas and Fallow Areas in Northern Kazakhstan\" was not changed and deleted, and the data quality was reliable.", "ds_acq_place": "Soviet Union", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_ref_way": "", "ds_format": "PDF format", "ds_projection": "", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_time_res": "" } }, "license_type": null, "doi_reg_from": "reg_local", "cstr_reg_from": "reg_local", "doi_not_reg_reason": null, "cstr_not_reg_reason": null, "is_paper_in_submitting": false, "ds_topic_tags": [ "运输方式优化", "垦荒区交通规划" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "人文地理学" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "哈萨克斯坦共和国" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 1957 ], "ds_contributors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_meta_authors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_managers": [ "文献信息中心" ], "category": "图书" }