《苏联自然地理》课程就其篇幅、内容及叙述方法而言，是为国立大学及师范学院地理系高年级学生设计的。课程涵盖的丰富实际材料，是基于苏联景观地理学最主要的方法论和方法要求来阐述的。\n基本的区域单元是地理区域，该区域由其发展历史的统一性及独特现代地理景观组合所界定。 地理区域在第三纪以前的地质历史以较粗略的线条勾勒，而较晚时期，特别是在第四纪，则阐述得更为详尽，并从古地理的角度进行剖析，即描述古代景观、它们的更替以及发展历史各个阶段在现代景观中的反映。\n每个地理区域都被视为某个整体——国家（如西西伯利亚、东西伯利亚、远东和中亚）——的一部分；同时，它又被视为一个统一的地理有机体，由一系列相互协调的部分——地带、亚地带、地区、景观——构成。\n作者论证了各地理区域的边界以及其中更小的分类单位分布的主要规律。景观是地球表面特定区域生命最新阶段的结果，因此，地理描述不是从景观开始，而是以景观结束。景观是从其发展、地理分布、现代结构、季节性变化以及为社会主义经济利益而对其进行改造等角度来考察的。\n在描述动植物界时，作者力求对少数几种但对该区域最具代表性的景观动植物进行更详细的描述，并尽可能按生物群落来考察它们。对生态因素、植被的季节性更替以及动物的年生活周期给予了极大关注。\n作者广泛利用相关学科的实际材料，但并不旨在描述区域单元的各个要素时提供独立的地质、地貌、气候、植物地理学等概述。这些内容被视为统一地理整体中不可分割的组成部分，仅包含来自相应学科、为构建景观描述所必需的信息。所述各部分的叙述顺序和篇幅各不相同，因为同样的要素在不同地理区域扮演着不同的角色，而处于首要地位的是那些对特定区域而言最具特殊性的要素。由于实际材料丰富而需最大限度压缩叙述，同时力求不因提及众多（其成果为编者所引用的）作者姓氏而破坏描述的连贯性，迫使编者放弃讨论某些问题的争议，并在处理地理学基本问题时坚持自己的观点。地理区域的研究程度不一、希望详细描述在社会主义建设条件下最为迫切的地理对象、需要纳入那些在地理系教学课程体系中缺失的重要课题（例如多年冻土学说），这些原因解释了本书个别章节在教材阐述上的某些不均衡性。文中保留了相对较少的地理名称，这些名称主要被移入所附地图中，这些地图构成了地理描述不可或缺的一部分。这些地图大多由作者根据文献资料和地图材料编制，或为达到最大直观性而在原图基础上进行了改编。本著作原定于1941年付印，但在列宁格勒英勇保卫战的日子里损毁；在随后的岁月里，作者得以恢复了文本，作了一些增补，并选配了新的插图材料。
", "ds_source": "作者（编委会）：С. П. 苏斯洛夫 (С. П. Суслов)\n出版社：Государственное учебно-педагогическое издательство Министерства просвещения РСФСР\n出版地：莫斯科\n出版年：1954年\n页数：711页 \n语种：俄文\n馆藏条形码：XJLAS RU 70001788
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", "ds_acq_start_time": "2025-09-30 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2025-09-30 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "苏联", "ds_acq_lon_east": null, "ds_acq_lat_south": null, "ds_acq_lon_west": null, "ds_acq_lat_north": null, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "login-access", "ds_total_size": 561655936, "ds_files_count": 1, "ds_format": "PDF格式", "ds_space_res": "无", "ds_time_res": "无", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "无", "ds_thumbnail": "18d595ec-d148-49e8-bdd0-5de3b1eb2b65.png", "ds_thumb_from": 0, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "a5877b42-96ea-4f13-af7e-246f355413d6", "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "170.4510", "170.4520" ], "quality_level": 1, "publish_time": "2026-09-16 19:40:40", "first_publish_time": null, "last_updated": "2026-09-16 19:40:40", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": "33110.11.ariddc.02393", "license": null, "extra": null, "files_shape": [ { "name": "202508260001（XJLASRU70001788）双层.pdf", "size": 561655936, "is_dir": false } ], "features": null, "data_level": 0, "i18n": { "en": { "title": "Physical Geography of the Soviet Union: Asian Part", "ds_abstract": "The course Physical Geography of the USSR, in terms of its scope, content, and method of presentation, was designed for senior students of geography departments at state universities and teacher-training institutes. The rich factual material included in the course is presented in accordance with the principal methodological principles and approaches of Soviet landscape geography.\r\n\r\nThe fundamental regional unit is the geographical region, defined by the unity of its historical development and the distinctive combination of its modern geographical landscapes. The geological history of each geographical region prior to the Tertiary Period is outlined in broad terms, whereas the later periods, especially the Quaternary, are examined in greater detail from a paleogeographical perspective, describing ancient landscapes, their succession, and the ways in which different stages of historical development are reflected in the modern landscape.\r\n\r\nEach geographical region is considered both as a component of a larger whole, such as Western Siberia, Eastern Siberia, the Far East, or Central Asia, and as a unified geographical organism composed of a series of coordinated elements, including zones, subzones, districts, and landscapes.\r\n\r\nThe author substantiates the boundaries of the various geographical regions and the principal patterns governing the distribution of their smaller taxonomic units. Since landscapes represent the most recent stage in the development of life within a particular area of the Earth's surface, the geographical description does not begin with the landscape but culminates in it. Landscapes are examined in terms of their development, geographical distribution, modern structure, seasonal dynamics, and their transformation for the purposes of the socialist economy.\r\n\r\nIn describing flora and fauna, the author seeks to provide more detailed accounts of a limited number of landscape plants and animals that are particularly characteristic of the region under consideration and, wherever possible, to examine them within the context of biotic communities. Considerable attention is devoted to ecological factors, seasonal changes in vegetation, and the annual life cycles of animals.\r\n\r\nThe author makes extensive use of factual material from related disciplines but does not seek to provide independent surveys of geology, geomorphology, climatology, plant geography, and other subjects when describing the individual components of regional units. These elements are regarded as inseparable parts of a unified geographical whole, and only information essential for constructing a landscape description is incorporated from the corresponding disciplines. The sequence and extent of treatment of the various components differ because the same factors play different roles in different geographical regions, and priority is given to those features most distinctive of a particular area.\r\n\r\nThe abundance of factual material and the need for maximum conciseness of presentation, together with the desire not to disrupt the continuity of the text by repeatedly citing the names of numerous authors whose results were utilized, compelled the editor to avoid discussion of certain controversial issues and to adhere to his own views in dealing with fundamental geographical questions.\r\n\r\nDifferences in the degree to which geographical regions have been studied, the desire to provide detailed descriptions of geographical objects of particular importance under conditions of socialist development, and the need to include important topics not adequately covered elsewhere in the geography curriculum, such as the study of permafrost, explain certain imbalances in the treatment of individual chapters of the book.\r\n\r\nRelatively few geographical names have been retained in the text itself; most have been transferred to the accompanying maps, which constitute an essential component of the geographical description. Most of these maps were compiled by the author on the basis of published sources and cartographic materials or adapted from existing maps in order to achieve the greatest possible clarity.\r\n\r\nThis work was originally scheduled for publication in 1941, but it was destroyed during the heroic defense of Leningrad. In the years that followed, the author succeeded in restoring the text, making a number of additions and selecting new illustrative materials.", "ds_source": "Author (Editorial Board): С.П. SuslovП.Суслов)\r\nPublished by: 丨 о с у д а р с т в е н н о е у ч ебн о-п е д а г о г и ч е ско е изд а т ельс т в о д о д и н и с т е р с т в а п р о с в е е н ия Р С А с в е с с с т в е е н и\r\nPublished: Moscow\r\nPublication year: 1954\r\nPages: 711 pages \r\nLanguage: Russian\r\nCollection barcode: XJLAS RU 70001788", "ds_process_way": "This book is the collection of the Documentation and Information Center of the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Center). The center has stored the book electronically and has been recognized by OCR. The data processing process is in accordance with the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", and fully complies with the data information of \"Physical Geography of the Soviet Union: Asian Part\" without modification or deletion.", "ds_quality": "The collected \"Physical Geography of the Soviet Union: Asian Part\" was processed electronically. In accordance with the requirements of the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\",\"Physical Geography of the Soviet Union: Asian Part\" was not changed and deleted. Data information, data quality is reliable.", "ds_acq_place": "Soviet Union", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_ref_way": "", "ds_format": "PDF format", "ds_projection": "no", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_time_res": "" } }, "license_type": null, "doi_reg_from": "reg_local", "cstr_reg_from": "reg_local", "doi_not_reg_reason": null, "cstr_not_reg_reason": null, "is_paper_in_submitting": false, "ds_topic_tags": [ "苏联自然地理", "景观地理学" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "自然地理学", "人文地理学" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "苏联" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 1954 ], "ds_contributors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_meta_authors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_managers": [ "文献信息中心" ], "category": "图书" }