本文集是一部具有参考性质的学术著作，旨在全面阐述苏联地理学的现状、其主要理论成就与面临的问题。定期编纂此类综合性概述对于科学自身的发展是必要的，它有助于批判性地评估过去一段时期的工作，并有依据地规划未来前景。当前，这样的概述对于苏联地理学尤为必要，这首先与我国当前及未来国民经济发展计划所提出的宏伟任务有关——这些任务要求大力发展各地理区域的生产力，并广泛运用现代科学成就。此外，这也与地理科学经典方法的深刻变革有关——这些方法正在吸收地球物理学和地球化学的最新成果，同时也与国外学术联系的发展、苏联地理学家积极参与国际科学大会的工作以及苏联科学国际威望的进一步巩固密切相关。\n这些重大任务决定了本文集的内容安排。全书分为以下几个主要部分：\n1. 苏联地理学史与现状概述，分别按总论（综合性）学科（自然地理学、经济地理学、区域地理学、制图学）和专门（部门）地理学科（气候学、冰川学、冻土学、陆地水文学、地貌学、地理土壤学、地植物学、动物地理学、人口与居民点地理学、工业地理学、农业地理学和交通运输地理学）加以阐述。\n2. 苏联地理学所研究的主要科学问题与方向的特征描述（冰期与冰后期的古地理学；地表热平衡与水量平衡；陆地和世界大洋的地理地带性理论；景观学与区划；综合制图；经济区生产力发展问题等），以及地理学家在苏联领土自然改造中的作用。\n3. 地理学研究方法的阐述（考察与定位研究、分析与实验方法）。\n4. 苏联地理教育体系及地理科学知识普及主要途径的概况（中等与高等教育、地方志与旅游、科学学会与地理文献）。\n要确保这些不同问题的高水平阐述，只能由权威学者组成的团队来完成。约50位苏联地理学家——来自地理科学各领域的学者——参与了本著作的编写。如此庞大的作者团队的协调工作及其成果的一致性是一项艰巨的任务。从下文可以看出，这一任务并未完全解决。本文集中存在某些不一致之处，部分是为了尊重作者的独立性而有意识地保留的。编委会付出了大量努力，将此类分歧仅限于那些以科学观点差异为基础的情况。地理学若干理论问题的讨论是完全合理的；我们认为这些问题的观点交锋是科学进一步积极发展的重要动力之一。\n本文集面向不同的读者。除了广义上的地理学专家（即地质-地理学、经济学和生物学领域的科研工作者，以及高等院校相应院系的教师）之外，它还应引起计划机关和设计机构许多工作人员、工业、农业和交通运输领域的经济学家，以及其他涉及自然条件研究、自然资源利用与保护以及我国各地区生产力发展的专家们的兴趣。\n
", "ds_source": "作者（编委会）：Д. 扎伊采夫（Д. Зайцев）\n出版社：Государственное издательство географической литературы\n出版地：莫斯科\n出版年：1960年\n页数：634页 \n语种：俄文\n馆藏条形码：XJLAS RU 70001871\n
", "ds_process_way": "本书为中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所文献信息中心（以下简称中心）馆藏文献，中心将本书电子化后存储，已经过OCR识别，数据加工过程依据国家标准《GB/T 31219.2-2014图书馆馆藏资源数字化加工规范》，完全遵照《苏联地理学》的数据信息，未改动删减。\n
", "ds_quality": "对收集到的《苏联地理学》进行电子化加工处理，按照国家标准《GB/T 31219.2-2014图书馆馆藏资源数字化加工规范》要求，未改动删减《苏联地理学》的数据信息，数据质量可靠。\n
", "ds_acq_start_time": "2025-07-16 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2025-07-16 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "苏联", "ds_acq_lon_east": null, "ds_acq_lat_south": null, "ds_acq_lon_west": null, "ds_acq_lat_north": null, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "apply-access", "ds_total_size": 48060476, "ds_files_count": 1, "ds_format": "PDF格式", "ds_space_res": "无", "ds_time_res": "无", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "", "ds_thumbnail": "0d3bcf86-1daf-47cf-a71b-f2f145814696.jpg", "ds_thumb_from": 0, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "a5877b42-96ea-4f13-af7e-246f355413d6", "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "170.45" ], "quality_level": 1, "publish_time": "2026-09-18 10:27:44", "first_publish_time": null, "last_updated": "2026-09-22 16:44:22", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": "33110.11.ariddc.01873", "license": null, "extra": null, "files_shape": [ { "name": "20250716001(XJLASRU70001871).pdf", "size": 48060476, "is_dir": false } ], "features": null, "data_level": 0, "i18n": { "en": { "title": "Soviet geography", "ds_abstract": "This collection is a scholarly reference work intended to provide a comprehensive account of the current state of Soviet geography, its principal theoretical achievements, and the problems it faces. The regular preparation of such comprehensive surveys is essential for the development of science itself, as it facilitates a critical assessment of the work accomplished during a given period and provides a sound basis for planning future directions. At present, such a survey is especially necessary for Soviet geography. This is primarily connected with the ambitious tasks set forth in the current and future plans for the development of the national economy, which call for the vigorous advancement of productive forces in all geographical regions and the broad application of modern scientific achievements. In addition, it is associated with the profound transformation of the classical methods of geographical science, which are increasingly incorporating the latest achievements of geophysics and geochemistry, as well as with the expansion of international scholarly contacts, the active participation of Soviet geographers in international scientific congresses, and the further strengthening of the international prestige of Soviet science.\r\n\r\nThese major tasks have determined the structure and content of the present volume. The book is divided into the following principal sections:\r\n\r\nA survey of the history and current state of Soviet geography, presented separately for the general (integrative) disciplines, including physical geography, economic geography, regional geography, and cartography, and for the specialized (branch) geographical disciplines, including climatology, glaciology, permafrost studies, continental hydrology, geomorphology, geographical soil science, geobotany, zoogeography, population and settlement geography, industrial geography, agricultural geography, and transport geography.\r\n\r\nA characterization of the principal scientific problems and research directions in Soviet geography, including the paleogeography of glacial and post-glacial periods; the heat and water balances of the Earth's surface; theories of geographical zonality on land and in the World Ocean; landscape science and regionalization; integrated cartography; problems of productive-force development in economic regions; and the role of geographers in the transformation of nature within the territory of the Soviet Union.\r\n\r\nAn exposition of geographical research methods, including field investigations and station-based studies, as well as analytical and experimental methods.\r\n\r\nAn overview of the Soviet system of geographical education and the principal means of disseminating geographical knowledge, including secondary and higher education, local history studies and tourism, scientific societies, and geographical literature.\r\n\r\nThe high-quality treatment of these diverse subjects could only be achieved through the efforts of a team composed of leading scholars. Approximately fifty Soviet geographers representing various branches of geographical science contributed to this work. Coordinating such a large group of authors and ensuring consistency in the results of their efforts was an extremely difficult task. As will become apparent from the text, this task was not completely resolved. Certain inconsistencies remain within the volume, some of which were deliberately preserved in order to respect the independence of the individual contributors. The editorial board made considerable efforts to restrict such differences to cases that stemmed from genuine divergences in scientific viewpoints. Discussion of a number of theoretical issues in geography is entirely justified, and we regard the exchange of differing opinions on such matters as one of the important driving forces behind the further positive development of science.\r\n\r\nThis volume is intended for a broad range of readers. In addition to geography specialists in the widest sense, namely researchers in geology-geography, economics, and biology, as well as faculty members of relevant university departments, it should also be of interest to many employees of planning and design institutions, economists working in industry, agriculture, and transport, and other specialists concerned with the study of natural conditions, the utilization and conservation of natural resources, and the development of productive forces in the various regions of the Soviet Union.", "ds_source": "Author (Editorial Board): п. Zaitsev (п.Зайцев）\r\nPublished by: 丨 о с у д а р с т в е н н о е изд а т е льс т в о г е о г р а п иче ской л и т е р а т у ры\r\nPublished: Moscow\r\nPublication year: 1960\r\nPages: 634 pages \r\nLanguage: Russian\r\nCollection barcode: XJLAS RU 70001871\r\n
", "ds_process_way": "This book is the collection of the Documentation and Information Center of the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Center). The center has stored the book electronically and has been recognized by OCR. The data processing process is in accordance with the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\" and fully complies with the data information of \"Geography of the Soviet Union\" without modification or deletion.\r\n
", "ds_quality": "The collected \"Geography of the Soviet Union\" was processed electronically. In accordance with the requirements of the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", the data information of \"Geography of the Soviet Union\" was not changed and deleted, and the data quality was reliable.\r\n
", "ds_acq_place": "Soviet Union", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_ref_way": "", "ds_format": "PDF format", "ds_projection": "", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_time_res": "" } }, "license_type": null, "doi_reg_from": "reg_local", "cstr_reg_from": "reg_local", "doi_not_reg_reason": null, "cstr_not_reg_reason": null, "is_paper_in_submitting": false, "ds_topic_tags": [ "地球化学", "地理", "地理学史", "地质", "生物", "研究方法", "经济", "苏联", "地球物理学" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "地理学" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "苏联" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 1960 ], "ds_contributors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_meta_authors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_managers": [ "文献信息中心" ], "category": "图书" }