<p>This textbook is based on the following majors approved by the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Professional Education of the Soviet Union for secondary professional schools of geological exploration (1. Geophysical mineral exploration methods;2. Borehole geophysical research methods;3. The teaching syllabus of Mineral Exploration Technology) explains the basic concepts of general geology, historical geology and Soviet geology. The second edition of this book has been significantly revised and supplemented. The structural and palaeogeographic maps and some illustrations have been updated, and the title of the first edition has also been changed (the title of the first edition is "General Geology and Historical Geology"). In the first part of the textbook (General Geology), issues of nature protection and interaction between man and the environment have been added, and a new chapter on "Human Geological Activities" has been created. In the second part (Historical Geology and Fundamentals of Soviet Geology), two new chapters have been added: "Basic Laws of the Development of the Earth's Crust and Organic World" and "General Characteristics of Geological Structures and Minerals in the Territory of the Soviet Union." The author's opinion on the Mus.В. MuratovВ. Scientific consultant and reviewer of the Moslem ратов).Е. KuzmenkoЕ.Кузьменко) and all the teachers of the Geology Teaching and Research Section of the Kiev Secondary Vocational School of Geological Exploration expressed their sincere thanks for their valuable opinions on the improvement of the manuscript. </p>