<p>This article is an academic research series of the Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union. It focuses on insect diversity research in Central Asia and can be divided into three main parts. The first part is the faunal analysis of lepidoptera insects, which systematically records butterfly and moth species in the Kopetdag region of western Kazakhstan, including new species descriptions and taxonomic revisions, revealing the co-evolutionary relationship between insects and plants (such as Astragalus and Glycyrrhiza) in arid areas. The second part is the study of insect ecology and behavior. Through long-term location observation, the phenological characteristics of insects in different altitude zones (desert grasslands, mountainous forests) were analyzed, focusing on discussing the pollination efficiency and ecological impact of pollinating insects (such as bees and bumblebees) on leguminous plants (such as alfalfa, licorice), and found that temperature and precipitation are key factors affecting insect activities. The third part is the methodology for specimen collection and classification. It introduces the collection strategy (expedition data from 1951 to 1953), morphological identification techniques and molecular taxonomy applications of the specimen collection of the institute. It includes information on model specimens of more than 200 species of insects, providing basic data for the protection of insect resources in Central Asia. The full text reflects the interdisciplinary research methods and has important scientific value for regional biodiversity protection. </p>